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The association between sarcopenia and osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures

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Abstract

Summary

Sarcopenia was reported to be significantly associated with osteoporosis. In this study, we reported for the first time that sarcopenia was an independent risk predictor of osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures (OVCRFs). Other risk factors of OVCRFs are low bone mass density T-scores, female sex, and advanced age.

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures (OVCRFs) and sarcopenia, and to identify other risk factors of OVCRFs.

Methods

We evaluated 237 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in our hospital from August 2016 to December 2017. To diagnose sarcopenia, a cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) image at the inferior aspect of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) was selected for estimating muscle mass. Grip strength was used to assess muscle strength. Possible risk factors, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), location of the treated vertebra, anterior-posterior ratio (AP ratio) of the fractured vertebra, cement leakage, and vacuum clefts, were assessed. The multivariable analysis was used to determine the risk factors of OVCRFs.

Results

During the follow-up period, OVCRFs occurred in 64 (27.0%) patients. Sarcopenia was present in 48 patients (20.3%), including 21 OVCRFs and 27 non-OVCRFs patients. Sarcopenia was significantly correlated with advanced age, lower BMI, lower BMD, and hypoalbuminemia. Compared with non-sarcopenic patients, sarcopenic patients had higher OVCRFs risk. In univariate analysis, sarcopenia (p = 0.003), female (p = 0.024), advanced age (≥ 75 years; p < 0.001), lower BMD (p < 0.001), lower BMI (p = 0.01), TL junction (vertebral levels at the thoracolumbar junction) (p = 0.01), cardiopulmonary comorbidity (p = 0.042), and hypoalbuminemia (p = 0.003) were associated with OVCRFs. Multivariable analysis revealed that sarcopenia (OR 2.271; 95% CI 1.069–4.824, p = 0.033), lower BMD (OR 1.968; 95% CI 1.350–2.868, p < 0.001), advanced age (≥ 75 years; OR 2.431; 95% CI 1.246–4.744, p = 0.009), and female sex (OR 4.666; 95% CI 1.400–15.552, p = 0.012) were independent risk predictors of OVCRFs.

Conclusions

Sarcopenia is an independent risk predictor of osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures. Other factors affecting OVCRFs are low BMD T-scores, female sex, and advanced age.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571190).

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Author notes

  1. W.-F Wang and C.-W. Lin contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China

    W.-F. Wang, C.-W. Lin, C.-N Xie, H.-T Liu, M.-Y. Zhu, K.-L. Huang & H.-L. Teng

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  1. W.-F. Wang
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  2. C.-W. Lin
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Correspondence to H.-L. Teng.

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Wang, WF., Lin, CW., Xie, CN. et al. The association between sarcopenia and osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures. Osteoporos Int 30, 2459–2467 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-019-05144-x

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