References
Anonymous (2001) Directive 2001/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 April 2001 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states relating to the implementation of good clinical practice in the conduct of clinical trials on medicinal products for human use. Off J Eur Communities L121:34–44
Hemminki A, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL (2006) Harmful impact of EU clinical trials directive. BMJ 332:501–502
Heidenreich K, Moritz A, Loffler H, Oberle-Rolle B (2005) Clinical trials in Germany and in the EU in the new legislative environment. An analysis from the industry's point of view. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 48:415–422
Baeyens AJ (2004) Impact of the European Clinical Trials Directive on academic clinical research. Med Law 23:103–110
Grienenberger A (2004) Establishing pan-European clinical trials: regulatory compliance and other practical considerations. J Biolaw Bus 7:58–63
Stocchetti N, Dearden M, Karimi A, Lapierre F, Maas A, Murray GD, Ohman J, Persson L, Servadei F, Trojanowski T, Unterberg A (2004) New European directive on clinical trials: implications for traumatic head injury research. Intensive Care Med 30:517–518
Druml C, Singer EA (2004) The European Directive: a further blow to science in intensive care medicine in Austria. Intensive Care Med 30:335
Liddell K, Chamberlain D, Menon DK, Bion J, Kompanje EJ, Lemaire F, Druml C, Vrhovac B, Wiedermann CJ, Sterz F (2006) The European Clinical Trials Directive revisited: the VISEAR recommendations. Resuscitation 69:9–14
Liddell K, Kompanje EJ, Lemaire F, Vrhovac B, Menon DK, Bion J, Chamberlain D, Wiedermann CJ, Druml C; Working Group of the Vienna Initiative to Save European Academic Research (2006) Recommendations in relation to the EU clinical trials directive and medical research involving incapacitated adults. Wien Klin Wochenschr 118:183–191
Lemaire F, Bion J, Blanco J, Damas P, Druml C, Falke K, Kesecioglu J, Larsson A, Mancebo J, Matamis D, Pesenti A, Pimentel J, Ranieri M; ESICM Task Force on Legislation Affecting Clinical Research in the Critically Ill Patient (2005) The European Union Directive on Clinical Research: present status of implementation in EU member states' legislations with regard to the incompetent patient. Intensive Care Med 31:476–479
Geisler I, Hofmann HP, Nickel L (2005) Harmonisation of regulatory requirements for clinical trials on medicinal products for human use in the Directive 2001/20/EC and complementary guidance. Implementation of the 12th law amending the German drug law. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 48:141–146
Silverman HJ, Druml C, Lemaire F, Nelson R (2004) The European Union Directive and the protection of incapacitated subjects in research: an ethical analysis. Intensive Care Med 30:1723–1729
Cohen AF (2003) European guideline for the quality of non-commercial clinical trials: elegant implementation in the Netherlands via the amended Dutch medical research involving human subjects act. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 147:1493–1495
Singer EA, Mullner M (2002) Implications of the EU directive on clinical trials for emergency medicine. BMJ 324:1169–1170
Tomino C (2005) Osservatorio Nazionale sulla Sperimentazione Clinica dei medicinali. 3° Rapporto Nazionale—2004. Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco, Rome, pp 16–29
Torbica A, Fattore G (2005) The “Essential levels of care” in Italy: when being explicit serves the devolution of powers. Eur J Health Econ [Suppl]:46–52
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wiedermann, C.J., Almici, M., Mangione, S. et al. Clinical research in Italy in adult patients unable to consent: after implementation of the European Union's Directive 2001/20/CE. Intensive Care Med 33, 316–318 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-006-0458-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-006-0458-1