Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris (ECF) ist die häufigste Hüfterkrankung des Jugendlichen. Die Behandlung dieser Erkrankung erfolgt stets operativ mit dem Ziel, einen weiteren Abrutsch des Hüftkopfs zu verhindern und das Auftreten einer Koxarthrose möglichst weit hinauszuzögern.
Ziel der Arbeit
Es wird ein Überblick über Ätiologie, Pathogenese, Klinik, bildgebende Diagnostik sowie aktuelle Behandlungskonzepte gegeben.
Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine selektive Literaturrecherche vorgenommen.
Ergebnisse
Die Inzidenz der ECF nimmt bei steigendem Body Mass Index der Jugendlichen zu. Die Diagnose wird klinisch anhand des Drehmann-Zeichens und röntgenbildmorphologisch anhand von Beckenübersicht und axialer Aufnahme gestellt. Die häufigsten milden bis mäßigen Abrutsche werden mittels einer Schraube stabilisiert, die erst nach Fugenschluss entfernt werden darf. Bei akuten Epiphyseolysen kann ein vorsichtiger Repositionsversuch unternommen werden. Ein häufig beidseitiges, aber nicht zeitgleiches Auftreten der Erkrankung hat in Zentraleuropa eine standardmäßige prophylaktische Versorgung der Gegenseite zur Folge. Verschiedene operative Möglichkeiten existieren, das durch den Abrutsch bedingte femoroazetabuläre Impingement zu reduzieren.
Diskussion
Mit dem aktuellen Behandlungsalgorithmus werden gute Langzeitergebnisse erzielt. Ob das Arthroserisiko durch moderne arthroskopische und offene Operationsverfahren zur Wiederherstellung der anatomischen Verhältnisse weiter gesenkt werden kann, werden Langzeituntersuchungen zeigen. Präventiv sollten Programme zur Vermeidung von Adipositas bei Jugendlichen entwickelt werden.
Abstract
Background
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is the most common hip disease in adolescents and is always surgically treated with the aim to avoid further slippage and to reduce the risk of degenerative arthritis at young age.
Objectives
A summary of the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, radiographic imaging and current therapy concepts is given.
Material and methods
A selective review of the literature was performed.
Results
With an increasing body mass index in adolescents the incidence of SCFE also increases. The diagnostic routine is comprised of a clinical examination with the evaluation of Drehmann’s sign and a radiographic evaluation including anterior-posterior aspect and frog’s legs view. In situ stabilization with a single screw is the standard treatment for the most prevalent mild or moderate stable slippages. In cases of acute slippage a gentle reduction maneuver may be attempted. Hardware removal must not be performed before epiphyseal closure. Common bilateral but not simultaneous occurrence of the disease requires prophylactic pinning of the unaffected side by default, at least in central Europe. Various surgical treatment options exist to reduce the femoroacetabular impingement caused by the slippage.
Conclusions
Current treatment algorithms result in satisfactory long-term outcomes. If the risk of developing degenerative arthritis after SCFE may be reduced even more with modern arthroscopic or open surgical procedures to restore the anatomic pre-slip conditions has to be confirmed through further long-term studies. The implementation of programs to prevent obesity in adolescents may also reduce the incidence of SCFE.
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Interessenkonflikt. J.F. Funk und S. Lebek geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Soweit der Beitrag personenbezogene Daten enthält, wurde von den Patienten eine zusätzliche Einwilligung nach erfolgter Aufklärung eingeholt. Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
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Funk, J., Lebek, S. Epiphyseolysis capitis femoris. Orthopäde 43, 742–749 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-013-2226-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00132-013-2226-6
Schlüsselwörter
- Bildgebung
- Steigende Inzidenz
- Femoroazetabuläres Impingement
- In-situ-Stabilisierung
- Anatomische Rekonstruktion