Abstract
Phytochelatins are widely known to chelate heavy metal in vacuole and decrease plant damage. Phytochelatin synthase gene (PCS), which is involved in phytochelatins synthesis, is commonly designated as a key gene for phytoremediation. In our study, we cloned three duplicated BnPCS genes from Brassica napus and transformed them into Arabidopsis thaliana AtPCS1 mutant cad1–3, respectively. Three transgene lines and cad1–3 were subjected to a cascade of concentrations of cadmium (Cd) treatment. Evaluation of morphological and physiological measurement results show that transgene lines possess higher Cd tolerance and resistance than A. thaliana mutant cad1–3. The analysis of PCs and Cd contents in root and shoot collectively indicated that transgenic plants promoted Cd accumulation and translocation. In conclusion, all the three BnPCS transgene lines enhanced Cd tolerance, accumulation and translocation, which could provide gene resources for phytoremediation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brunetti P et al (2011) Cadmium tolerance and phytochelatin content of Arabidopsis seedlings over-expressing the phytochelatin synthase gene AtPCS1. J Exp Bot 62:5509
Burkhead JL, Reynolds KAG, Abdel-Ghany SE, Cohu CM, Pilon M (2009) Copper homeostasis. New Phytol 182:799–816
Chen H, Nelson RS, Sherwood JL (1994) Enhanced recovery of transformants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens after freeze-thaw transformation and drug selection. Biotechniques 16:664–668
Clough SJ, Bent AF (1998) Floral dip: a simplified method for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J 16:735
Cobbett CS (2000) Phytochelatins and their roles in heavy metal detoxification. Plant Physiol 123:825–832
Dhiman SS et al (2016) Phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils by the hyperaccumulator canola (Brassica napus L.) and the use of its biomass for ethanol production. Fuel 183:107–114
Fang Ming YU, Qiu RL, Peng-Jie HU, Zhao X, Yu-Dou WU (2007) Effects of different cadmium levels on the antioxidative enzymes activities of leaf in Brassica chinensis. J Agro-Environ Sci 26:950–954
Feijuan W, Zhubing W, Zhu C (2013) Heteroexpression of the wheat phytochelatin synthase gene (TaPCS1) in rice enhances cadmium sensitivity. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin 44:886
Feng G et al (2018) Metagenomic analysis of microbial community and function involved in cd-contaminated soil. BMC Microbiol 18:11
Gisbert C, Ros R, De HA, Walker DJ, Pilar BM, Serrano R, Navarroaviñó J (2003) A plant genetically modified that accumulates Pb is especially promising for phytoremediation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 303:440
Hagege D, Nouvelot A, Boucaud J, Gaspar T (1990) Malondialdehyde titration with thiobarbiturate in plant extracts: avoidance of pigment interference. Phytochem Anal 1:86–89
Heiss S, Wachter A, Bogs J, Cobbett C, Rausch T (2003) Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) protein is induced in Brassica juncea leaves after prolonged Cd exposure. J Exp Bot 54:1833–1839
Lee BD, Hwang S (2015) Tobacco phytochelatin synthase (NtPCS1) plays important roles in cadmium and arsenic tolerance and in early plant development in tobacco. Plant Biotechnol Rep 9:1–8
Lynch M, Force A (2000) The probability of duplicate gene preservation by subfunctionalization. Genetics 154:459
Martínez M, Bernal P, Almela C, Vélez D, García-Agustín P, Serrano R, Navarro-Aviñó J (2006) An engineered plant that accumulates higher levels of heavy metals than Thlaspi caerulescens, with yields of 100 times more biomass mine soils. Chemosphere 64:478–485
Moudouma CFM, Gloaguen V, Riou C, Forestier L, Saladin G (2012) High concentration of cadmium induces AtPCS2 gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh ecotype Wassilewskija seedlings. Acta Physiol Plant 34:1083–1091
Pilonsmits EA et al (1999) Overexpression of ATP sulfurylase in indian mustard leads to increased selenate uptake, reduction, and tolerance. Plant Physiol 119:123
Shukla D, Kesari R, Tiwari M, Dwivedi S, Tripathi RD, Nath P, Trivedi PK (2013) Expression of Ceratophyllum demersum phytochelatin synthase, CdPCS1, in Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis enhances heavy metal(loid) accumulation. Protoplasma 250:1263–1272
Spomer LA, Smith MA, Sawwan JS (1988) Rapid, nondestructive measurement of chlorophyll content in leaves with nonuniform chlorophyll distribution. Photosynth Res 16:277
Toppi LSD, Gremigni P, Pawlik-Skowrońska B, Prasad MNV, Cobbett CS (2003) Response to heavy metals in plants: a molecular approach. Springer, Dordecht
Vögelilange R, Wagner GJ (1990) Subcellular localization of cadmium and cadmium-binding peptides in tobacco leaves implication of a transport function for cadmium-binding. Pept Plant Physiol 92:1086–1093
Wei B, Yang L (2010) A review of heavy metal contaminations in urban soils, urban road dusts and agricultural soils from China. Microchem J 94:99–107
Yan HF, Mao PS, Xia FS (2013) Research progress in plant antioxidant glutathione (review). Acta Agrestia Sin 21:428–434
Zhang H, Xu W, Guo J, He Z, Ma M (2005) Coordinated responses of phytochelatins and metallothioneins to heavy metals in garlic seedlings. Plant Sci 169:1059–1065
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Sichuan Province, the People’s Republic of China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bai, J., Wang, X., Wang, R. et al. Overexpression of Three Duplicated BnPCS Genes Enhanced Cd Accumulation and Translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana Mutant cad1–3. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 102, 146–152 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2487-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-018-2487-1