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An LTR retrotransposon insertion inside CsERECTA for an LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase results in compact (cp) plant architecture in cucumber

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Abstract

The compact (cp) phenotype in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important plant architecture-related trait with a great potential for cucumber improvement. In this study, we conducted map-based cloning of the cp locus, identified and functionally characterized the candidate gene. Comparative microscopic analysis suggested that the short internode in the cp mutant is due to fewer cell numbers. Fine genetic mapping delimited cp into an 8.8-kb region on chromosome 4 harboring only one gene, CsERECTA (CsER) that encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase. A 5.5-kb insertion of a long terminal repeat retrotransposon in the 22nd exon resulted in loss-of-function of CsER in the cp plant. Spatiotemporal expression analysis in cucumber and CsER promoter-driven GUS assays in Arabidopsis indicated that CsER was highly expressed in the stem apical meristem and young organs, but the expression level was similar in the wild type and mutant cucumber plants. However, CsER protein accumulation was reduced in the mutant as revealed by western hybridization. The mutation in cp also did not seem to affect self-association of CsER for formation of dimers. Ectopic expression of CsER in Arabidopsis was able to rescue the plant height of the loss-of-function AtERECTA mutant, whereas the compact inflorescence and small rosette leaves of the mutant could be partially recovered. Transcriptome profiling in the mutant and wild type cucumber plants revealed hormone biosynthesis/signaling, and photosynthesis pathways associated with CsER-dependent regulatory network. Our work provides new insights for the use of cp in cucumber breeding.

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Data availability

All data pertinent to the reported work have been provided in the manuscript or in the supplemental online materials. The complete raw reads data for RNA-Seq reported in this study have been deposited to NCBI under BioProject accession PRJNA858107. Relevant DNA sequences for the cucumber CsER locus have been deposited under NCBI GenBank accession numbers MT505429-MT505433.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Xiaofeng Wang (Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, China) for growth and data analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis, Dr. Jianyu Zhao (University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA) for technical help on in situ hybridization assays, and Dr. Yuhui Wang (University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA) for synteny analysis. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31860557, 32272737), and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (2020-51181-32139).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Feifan Chen, Jianpeng Yong, Mengying Liu, Qiqi Wang, Huili Zhong & Yuhong Li

  2. Horticulture Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Feifan Chen, Yupeng Pan & Yiqun Weng

  3. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China

    Gaoyuan Zhang

  4. College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China

    Peng Chen

  5. USDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    Yiqun Weng

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Contributions

FC performed majority of the research and conducted data analysis. JY and GZ participated in fine mapping of the cp locus and gene cloning. ML helped phenotype the transgenic Arabidopsis and the hormone-treated plants, and participated in preparation of paraffin section. QW performed the western blotting and plant hormone treatments. HZ conducted the photosynthesis-related assays. YP participated in allele tests of the cp locus. PC provided the plasmid and guides for cloning the gene and constructing the recombinant vectors. YL and YW designed and supervised the experiments, participated in data analysis. FC, YW and YL wrote this article with input from other co-authors. All authors reviewed and approved this submission.

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Correspondence to Yiqun Weng or Yuhong Li.

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Chen, F., Yong, J., Zhang, G. et al. An LTR retrotransposon insertion inside CsERECTA for an LRR receptor-like serine/threonine-protein kinase results in compact (cp) plant architecture in cucumber. Theor Appl Genet 136, 31 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-023-04273-6

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