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Tumoren der Schädelbasis

Skull base tumors

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Zusammenfassung

Die moderne Bildgebung hat einen besonderen Stellenwert bei der Diagnostik und Therapie von Schädelbasispathologien. Zahlreiche Läsionen können anhand ihrer CT- und MRT-Befunde, insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung ihrer genauen Lokalisation, artdiagnostisch eingeordnet werden. Im Bereich der vorderen Schädelbasis sind v. a. Karzinome, Rhabdomyosarkome, Ästhesioneuroblastome und Meningeome vorzufinden. Im Bereich der mittleren Schädelbasis ist in erster Linie an nasopharyngeale Karzinome, Karzinommetastasen, Meningeome, Hypophysenadenome und Neurinome zu denken. Zu den häufigsten Tumoren der hinteren Schädelgrube, unter Einschluss des Kleinhirnbrückenwinkels, gehören Neurinome, Meningeome, nasopharyngeale Karzinome, Karzinommetastasen, Chordome und Paragangliome.

Eine wichtige Aufgabe der Schnittbildgebung liegt in der Bestimmung der exakten Tumorausdehnung und in der Beurteilung der Lagebeziehung des Tumors zu den komplexen anatomischen Strukturen wie Hirnnerven und Blutgefäßen. Im Rahmen dieses Übersichtsartikels werden die wesentlichen anatomischen Landmarken im Bereich der Schädelbasis wiederholt und typische Befunde der häufigsten Schädelbasistumoren vorgestellt.

Abstract

Modern imaging techniques have great importance in the diagnosis and therapy of skull-base pathologies. Many of these lesions, especially in relation to their specific location, can be evaluated using CT and MR imaging. Tumors commonly found in the anterior skull base include carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, esthesioneuroblastoma and meningioma. In the central cranial fossa, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, metastases, meningioma, pituitary adenoma and neurinoma have to be considered. The most common neoplasms of the posterior skull base, including the CP angle, are neurinoma, meningioma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, chordoma and paraganglioma. One major task of imaging is the evaluation of the exact tumor extent as well as its relationship to the neighboring neurovascular structures. The purpose of this review is to recapitulate the most important anatomical landmarks of the skull base. The typical imaging findings of the most common tumors involving the skull base are also presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie des Universitätsklinikums des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar

    F. Ahlhelm, N. Naumann, I. Grunwald & W. Reith

  2. Neurochirurgische Klinik des Universitätsklinikums des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar

    A. Nabhan & K. Shariat

  3. Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg/Saar

    F. Ahlhelm

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  1. F. Ahlhelm
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  2. A. Nabhan
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  3. N. Naumann
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  4. I. Grunwald
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  5. K. Shariat
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  6. W. Reith
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Correspondence to F. Ahlhelm.

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Ahlhelm, F., Nabhan, A., Naumann, N. et al. Tumoren der Schädelbasis. Radiologe 45, 807–815 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-005-1259-1

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