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Persönlichkeitsprofile und psychische Abweichungen bei psychiatrisch-forensisch begutachteten Straftätern

Personality profile and psychic deviations in offenders examined for psychiatric-forensic appraisal

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Zusammenfassung

Die Persönlichkeit stellt einen Faktor in dem multidimensionalen Bedingungsgefüge bei der Entwicklung zum Straftäter dar. Die vorliegende Untersuchung soll einen Beitrag zur Verbesserung einer Abgrenzung von Risikofaktoren und der Vorhersagbarkeit delinquenten Verhaltens liefern. Im Rahmen von psychiatrisch-forensischen Gutachten wurde die soziale, forensische und psychiatrische Vorgeschichte sowie die Art des aktuellen Delikts und der Tathergang von rechtskräftig verurteilten Straftätern (n=128) erhoben. Zur Ermittlung der Persönlichkeitsstruktur wurde das „Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar“ (FPI-R) und der „Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Aggressivitätsfaktoren“ (FAF) vorgegeben, die psychiatrische Diagnose erfolgte nach den Kriterien des ICD-10. Mit Hilfe einer hierarchischen Clusteranalyse über die Dimensionen des FPI-R konnten 3 Persönlichkeitsprofile differenziert werden, deren diskriminanzanalytische Überprüfung eine richtige Zuordnung von 98,6% der Fälle ergab. Erst- und Mehrfachtäter konnten über das Herkunftsmilieu und das Alter beim Erstdelikt differenziert werden. Die Bedeutung der Klassifizierung für eine Risikoabschätzung delinquenten Verhaltens und ihr Stellenwert in der Praxis der forensischen Begutachtung wird diskutiert.

Summary

Personality is one factor within the multidimensional structure of conditions involved in the development of an offender. The aim of this study is to contribute to a better accuracy of discrimination of risk factors and prediction of delinquent behaviour. For psychiatric-forensic opinions, social, forensic and psychiatric history as well as type of the last offence and its course for adjudged delinquents (n=128) was recorded. For determining personality structure, the “Freiburger Persönlichkeitsinventar” (FPI-R) and the “Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Aggressivitätsfaktoren” (FAF) was used. Psychiatric diagnosis was based on criteria of ICD-10. Using a hierarchical cluster analysis including the dimensions of the FPI-R, three personality profiles could be separated. First offenders and re-offenders could be discriminated by family environment and age at the first delict. The importance of classification for risk estimation of delinquent behaviour and its significance for providing forensic opinions is discussed.

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Danksagung

Für die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskripts sowie wertvolle Anregungen sind wir Univ.-Prof. Dr. Helmuth Huber zu Dank verpflichtet.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Österreich

    R. Ille, T. Lahousen, F. Rous, P. Hofmann & H. P. Kapfhammer

  2. Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Österreich

    R. Ille

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  1. R. Ille
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  2. T. Lahousen
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Correspondence to R. Ille.

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Ille, R., Lahousen, T., Rous, F. et al. Persönlichkeitsprofile und psychische Abweichungen bei psychiatrisch-forensisch begutachteten Straftätern . Nervenarzt 76, 52–60 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-004-1761-0

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