Zusammenfassung
Die chronische Sprunggelenkinstabilität ist eine typische Pathologie im Sport und entwickelt sich bei 20 bis 40% der Sportler nach erlittener akuter Sprunggelenkdistorsion. Man unterscheidet zwischen einer lateralen und medialen Sprunggelenkinstabilität, wobei die Kombination beider als Rotationsinstabilität des oberen Sprunggelenks bezeichnet wird. Des Weiteren kann pathophysiologisch eine mechanische oder funktionelle Sprunggelenkinstabilität unterschieden werden, die sich durch eine strukturelle Bandläsion bzw. durch eine Schwächung der neuromuskulären Kontrolle manifestiert. Durch die erschwerte Diagnose und eine komplexe Therapie, die oft eine operative Rekonstruktion bedingt, stellt die chronische Sprunggelenkinstabilität für den behandelnden Arzt eine vielschichtige Entität dar. Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit erörtert Pathomechanismen, Möglichkeiten der Diagnostik, Indikationen zur konservativen und operativen Therapie sowie potenzielle Langzeitschäden wie die posttraumatisch-ligamentäre Sprunggelenksarthrose.
Abstract
Chronic ankle instability represents a typical sports injury. After an acute ankle sprain 20-40% of the injured develop chronic ankle instability. From an orthopaedic point of view chronic ankle instability can be subdivided into lateral and medial instability or a combination of both, the so-called rotational ankle instability. From a pathophysiological point of view, chronic ankle instability can be either mechanical with a structural ligament lesion or functional with loss of neuromuscular control. For the physician chronic ankle instability is a difficult entity as the diagnosis is usually complex and the therapy often surgical. This review on chronic ankle instability deals with the pathomechanisms, diagnostics, indications for conservative and surgical treatments, and possible long-term sequelae, such as ligamentous osteoarthritis.
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Valderrabano, V., Wiewiorski, M., Frigg, A. et al. Chronische Instabilität des oberen Sprunggelenks. Unfallchirurg 110, 691–700 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-007-1310-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-007-1310-y