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Epigenetic regulation of Toll-like receptors and its roles in type 1 diabetes

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Abstract

The immune system can be divided into adaptive immunity and innate immunity. Adaptive immunity has been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the role of innate immunity in T1D has only been studied recently. T1D is caused by selective autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β cells. A series of studies have suggested that TLRs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of T1D. Aberrant TLR signaling will change immune homeostasis and result in immunopathological conditions such as endotoxin shock and autoimmune responses. Thus, TLR signaling pathways are supposed to be strictly and finely regulated. Epigenetics has recently been proven to be a new regulator of TLR expression. DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs are the three main epigenetic modifications. This review will mainly focus on these epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of TLRs and the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of T1D.

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Funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFC1305000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81400783), the National Key Technology R&D program (2015BAI12B13), and the strategic forerunner project of Central South University (ZLXD2016003).

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  1. Zhiguo Xie and Gan Huang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China

    Zhiguo Xie, Gan Huang, Zhen Wang, Shuoming Luo, Peilin Zheng & Zhiguang Zhou

  2. Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China

    Zhiguo Xie, Gan Huang, Zhen Wang, Shuoming Luo, Peilin Zheng & Zhiguang Zhou

Authors
  1. Zhiguo Xie
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  2. Gan Huang
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  3. Zhen Wang
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  4. Shuoming Luo
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  5. Peilin Zheng
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Correspondence to Zhiguang Zhou.

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Xie, Z., Huang, G., Wang, Z. et al. Epigenetic regulation of Toll-like receptors and its roles in type 1 diabetes. J Mol Med 96, 741–751 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-018-1660-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00109-018-1660-7

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