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Die endoskopische Vollwandresektion

Endoscopic full-thickness resection

  • Schwerpunkt: Interventionelle Therapien I
  • Published:
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Zusammenfassung

Im Rahmen der endoskopischen Resektion von neoplastischen gastrointestinalen Läsionen gehören die konventionelle Schlingenektomie, die endoskopische Mukosaresektion (EMR) sowie die endoskopische Submukosadissektion (ESD) zu den etablierten Standardverfahren. Sie sind prinzipiell auf oberflächliche mukosal und submukosal gelegene Läsionen begrenzt. Läsionen ohne Lifting-Zeichen oder Läsionen in schwieriger anatomischer Lage können mit den Standardverfahren nicht oder nur unter Inkaufnahme einer erhöhten Komplikationsrate reseziert werden. Bei Läsionen >2 cm ist die ESD den anderen Verfahren aufgrund der En-bloc-Resektion, anhand derer die vollständige Abtragung histologisch gut beurteilt werden kann, überlegen. Sie ist aber insbesondere bei großen Läsionen technisch anspruchsvoll, zeitaufwendig und mit einer erhöhten Komplikationsrate assoziiert. Seit Entwicklung der „over-the-scope clips“ (OTSC) sind Komplikationen wie Blutungen und Perforationen allerdings endoskopisch besser beherrschbar. In den letzten Jahren sind endoskopische Vollwandresektionsverfahren in den Fokus der interventionellen Endoskopie gerückt. Anforderungen an solche Verfahren sind eine einfache Handhabung, eine hohe Patientensicherheit und hohe technische und klinische Erfolgsraten. Seit 2014 ist mit dem „full thickness resection device“ (FTRD) ein minimal-invasives Verfahren zur endoskopischen Vollwandresektion im unteren Gastrointestinaltrakt verfügbar. Es kombiniert die OTSC-Applikation und Schlingenektomie in einem Schritt. Diese Resektionstechnik kann einem ausgewählten Patientenkollektiv eine chirurgische Therapie ersparen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden alle derzeit klinisch einsetzbaren Vollwandresektionstechniken vorgestellt, aufgrund der klinischen Relevanz liegt der Fokus allerdings auf dem FTRD-System.

Abstract

Conventional endoscopic resection techniques such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are powerful tools for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms. However, those techniques are limited to the superficial layers of the GI wall (mucosa and submucosa). Lesions without lifting sign (usually arising from deeper layers) or lesions in difficult anatomic positions (appendix, diverticulum) are difficult – if not impossible – to resect using conventional techniques, due to the increased risk of complications. For larger lesions (>2 cm), ESD appears to be superior to the conventional techniques because of the en bloc resection, but the procedure is technically challenging, time consuming, and associated with complications even in experienced hands. Since the development of the over-the-scope clips (OTSC), complications like bleeding or perforation can be endoscopically better managed. In recent years, different endoscopic full-thickness resection techniques came to the focus of interventional endoscopy. Since September 2014, the full-thickness resection device (FTRD) has the CE marking in Europe for full-thickness resection in the lower GI tract. Technically the device is based on the OTSC system and combines OTSC application and snare polypectomy in one step. This study shows all full-thickness resection techniques currently available, but clearly focuses on the experience with the FTRD in the lower GI tract.

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Correspondence to K. Caca.

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B. Meier, A. Schmidt und K. Caca geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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J. Mössner, Leipzig

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Meier, B., Schmidt, A. & Caca, K. Die endoskopische Vollwandresektion. Internist 57, 755–762 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-016-0087-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00108-016-0087-x

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