Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Curing behavior and bonding strength of two-component fast-setting adhesives prepared with phenol-liquefied Cryptomeria japonica wood

  • Original
  • Published:
European Journal of Wood and Wood Products Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Honeymoon adhesive is a special adhesive system that contains two components which are applied onto two substrates separately for glulam manufacturing to provide a fast-setting capability. It has been confirmed that phenol-liquefied wood can be used as a raw material for preparing phenolic resins. In this study, liquefied wood (LW) was obtained by liquefying Cryptomeria japonica wood in phenol with sulfuric acid as a catalyst. Resorcinol–formaldehyde resin (RF), phenol-resorcinol–formaldehyde resins (PRF), LW–PF and LW–PRF (synthesized using LW as a raw material), and RF/LW and RF/LW–PF (blended RF with LW and LW–PF) were prepared. The properties such as non-volatile content, pH, viscosity gelation time and DSC curing behavior of these resins were measured. The results show all resins can be cured at room temperature when paraformaldehyde is added as a hardener, except for the LW–PF. The honeymoon adhesive was prepared by using RF and PRF that contains 10% paraformaldehyde as the A-component and LW–PRF, RF/LW and RF/LW–PF without paraformaldehyde as the B-component. After mixing the A-component and B-component, the gelation time of RF and PRF can be shortened. The glued lumber was prepared by separately applying the A-component and B-component on the surface of two wood strips and combining them. The result shows using RF/LW–PF as the B-component has faster bonding strength development than others. When PRF and RF are used as the A-component, they have a bonding strength of over 5.4 MPa, the requirement of CNS 11031 standard for the glued lumber of C. japonica, at pressing times of 2 and 4 h, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alamsyah EM, Yamada M, Taki K (2008) Bondability of tropical fast-growing tree species III: curing behavior of resorcinol formaldehyde resin adhesive at room temperature and effects of extractives of acacia mangium wood on bonding. J Wood Sci 54:208–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alma MH, Basturk MA (2006) Liquefaction of grapevine cane (Vitis vinisera L.) waste and its application to phenol-formaldehyde type adhesive. Ind Crop Prod 24:171–176

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter GF, Kreibich RE (1973) A fast-curing phenolic adhesive system. For Prod J 23(1):17–22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowyer JL, Shmulsky R, Haygreen JG (2003) Composite lumber products. Forest products and wood science: an introduction (Fourth edition). Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, pp 427–432

    Google Scholar 

  • CNS 11031 (2014) Structural glued-laminated timber. Chinese National Standards, Taiwan

    Google Scholar 

  • CNS 12002 (2012) Method of test for phenol resin adhesives for wood. Chinese National Standards, Taiwan

    Google Scholar 

  • CNS 1349 (2014) Plywood. Chinese National Standards, Taiwan

    Google Scholar 

  • CNS 5133 (2012) Method of determination for nonvolatile content of adhesives. Chinese National Standards, Taiwan

    Google Scholar 

  • CNS 5607 (2012) Method of determination for viscosity of adhesives. Chinese National Standards, Taiwan

    Google Scholar 

  • CNS 5809 (2012) Methods of test for strength properties of adhesives in shear by compression loading. Chinese National Standards, Taiwan

    Google Scholar 

  • CNS 6492 (2016) Method for determination of pH of aqueous solutions. Chinese National Standards, Taiwan

    Google Scholar 

  • Čuk N, Kunaver M, Poljanšek I, Ugovšek A, Šernek M, Medved S (2015) Properties of liquefied wood modified melamine-formaldehyde (MF) resin adhesive and its application for bonding particleboards. J Adhes Sci Technol 29:1553–1562

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forestry Bureau (2018) The “Fourth Forest Resources Survey Results”, Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan. https://www.forest.gov.tw/0000052

  • Huang HJ, Yuan XZ (2015) Recent progress in the direct liquefaction of typical biomass. Prog Energ Combust 49:59–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hussein AS, Ibrahim KI, Abdulla KM (2011) Tannin-phenol formaldehyde resins as binders for cellulosic fiber: Mechanical properties. Nat Resour 2:98–101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janiszewska D, Frąckowiak I, Mytko K (2016) Exploitation of liquefied wood waste for binding recycled wood particleboards. Holzforschung 70:1135–1138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juan YM, Lee WJ (2009) Properties of polyhydric alcohol liquefied wood and bark of Cryptomeria japonica and their utilization in the manufacturing of rigid PU foams. Q J Chin For 42(1):137–150 (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreibich RE, Hemingway RW, Nearn WT (1993) Application of honeymoon cold-set adhesive systems for structure end joints in North America. For Prod J 43(7/8):45–48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WJ, Chen YC (2008) Novolak PF resins prepared from phenol liquefied Cryptomeria japonica and used in manufacturing moldings. Bioresour Technol 99:7247–7254

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WJ, Chang KC, Tseng IM (2012a) Properties of phenol-formaldehyde resins prepared from phenol-liquefied lignin. J Appl Polym Sci 124:4782–4788

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee WJ, Kang CL, Chang KC, Chen YC (2012b) Synthesis and properties of resol-type phenol-formaldehyde resins prepared from H2SO4- and HCl-catalyzed phenol-liquefied Cryptomeria japonica wood. Holzforschung 66:67–72

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin L, Nakagame S, Yao Y, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N (2001a) Liquefaction mechanism ofβ-O-4 lignin model compound in the presence of phenol under catalysts. Part 2. Reaction behavior and pathways. Holzforschung 55:625–630

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin L, Yao Y, Shiraishi N (2001b) Liquefaction mechanism of β-O-4 lignin model compound in the presence of phenol under acid catalysis. Part 1. Identification of the reaction products. Holzforschung 55:617–624

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin L, Yao Y, Yoshioka M, Shiraishi N (2004) Liquefaction mechanism of cellulose in the presence of phenol under acid catalysis. Carbohyd Polym 57:123–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lisperguer J, Droguett C, Ruf B, Nuñez M (2005) Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis of phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde resins. J Chil Chem Soc 50:451–453

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu CT, Lin CJ (1986) Studies on the adhesives used for the structural glued-laminated timbers (1)—synthetic method and properties of RPF resin adhesives. For Prod Ind 5(4):15–27 (In Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansouri HR, Pizzi A, Fredon E (2009) Honeymoon fast-set adhesives for glulam and finger joints of higher natural materials content. Eur J Wood Prod 67:207–210

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mori A, Kitayama T, Takatani M, Okamoto T (2004) A honeymoon-type adhesive for wood products based on acetoacetylated poly(vinyl alcohol) and diamines: effect of diamines and degree of acetoacetylation. J Appl Polym Sci 91:2966–2972

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moubarik A, Pizzi A, Allal A, Charrier F, Charrier B (2009) Cornstarch and tannin in phenol–formaldehyde resins for plywood production. Ind Crop Prod 30:188–193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Na B, Pizzi A, Lu X (2005) Green wood gluing by traditional honeymoon PRF adhesives. Holz Roh Werkst 63:473–474

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan H (2011) Synthesis of polymers from organic solvent liquefied biomass: A review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 15:3454–3463

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panamgama LA (2007) Polyphenolic extracts of Pinus radiata bark and networking mechanisms of additive-accelerated polycondensates. J Appl Polym Sci 103:2487–2493

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pizzi A, Cameron FA (1984) Fast-set adhesives for glulam. For Prod J 34(9):61–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pizzi A, Cameron FA (1989) Fast-setting adhesives for finger-jointing and glulam. In: Pizzi A (ed) wood adhesives: chemistry and technology. Volume 2. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, pp 229–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Pizzi A, Roux DG (1978) The chemistry and development of tannin-based weather- and boil-proof cold-setting and fast-setting adhesives for wood. J Appl Polym Sci 22:1945–1954

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Properzi M, Pizzi A, Uzielli L (2001) Honeymoon MUF adhesives for exterior grade glulam. Holz Roh Werkst 59:413–421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roslan R, Zakaria S, Chia CH, Boehm R, Laborie MP (2014) Physico-mechanical properties of resol phenolic adhesives derived from liquefaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres. Ind Crop Prod 62:119–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santana MAE, Baumann MGD, Conner AH (1995) Resol resins prepared with tannin liquefied in phenol. Holzforschung 49:146–156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sauget A, Pizzi A, Guillot A, Godart S, Apolit R, Mezzina M (2014) Performance of MUF honeymoon adhesive for glulam. Eur J Wood Prod 72:697–698

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schniewind AP (1989) Glued laminated timber. Concise encyclopedia of wood & wood-based materials. Pergamon Press, Oxford pp 127–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellers T Jr (2001) Wood adhesive innovations and application in North America. For Prod J 51(6):12–22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zou X, Qin T, Huang L, Zhang X, Yang Z, Wang Y (2009) Mechanisms and main regularities of biomass liquefaction with alcohol solvents. Energ Fuel 23:5213–5218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank the Forestry Bureau of Council of Agriculture for their financial support (105AS-12.6.2-FB-e4).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forestry, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Yen-Chun Chen & Wen-Jau Lee

Authors
  1. Yen-Chun Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wen-Jau Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wen-Jau Lee.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chen, YC., Lee, WJ. Curing behavior and bonding strength of two-component fast-setting adhesives prepared with phenol-liquefied Cryptomeria japonica wood. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 76, 1399–1407 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-018-1322-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-018-1322-z

Search

Navigation