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Evidenz in der minimal-invasiven onkologischen Chirurgie des Magens

Evidence in minimally invasive oncological gastric surgery

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Ziel dieser Studie war es, in einem systematischen Review die aktuelle Evidenz zur laparoskopischen und robotischen distalen und totalen Gastrektomie im Vergleich zur offenen Chirurgie darzustellen.

Materialien und Methoden

Nach einer Suche auf EMBASE und PubMed wurden 197 qualitätsrelevante randomisierte (RCT) und nichtrandomisierte (Non-RCT) Studien identifiziert. Es erfolgte die Evaluierung für Früh- (EGC) und fortgeschrittene Karzinome (AGC).

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Für EGC und laparoskopische distale Resektionen (LDG) und totale Gastrektomien (LTG) wurden insgesamt 10 RCT und 6 Non-RCT mit insgesamt 4329 Patienten (laparoskopische 2010 vs. offen 2319) identifiziert. Bei einem hohen Evidenzniveau (1+, 1++) ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Bezug auf Durchführbarkeit, intraoperatives Outcome und onkologische Qualität, Letalität und langfristiges onkologisches Outcome im Vergleich zur offenen Gastrektomie (OG). Patienten nach LDG und LTG zeigten eine signifikant schnellere frühpostoperative Erholung mit einer geringeren Gesamtmorbidität. Im Gegensatz dazu war die Operationszeit im Vergleich zu ODG und OTG signifikant länger. Bei distalen AGC und LDG konnten über 6 RCT mit insgesamt 2806 Patienten (LDG 1410 vs. ODG 1369) vergleichbare Ergebnisse auf einem ebenfalls hohen Evidenzniveau (1++) festgestellt werden. Die Evidenz für LTG bei AGC ist niedriger (2−, 2+). Derzeit sind 6 Non-RCT mit insgesamt 1090 Patienten (LTG 539 vs. OTG 551) verfügbar, die zwar vergleichbare Ergebnisse zur LDG aufweisen, jedoch durch hochwertige RCT abzusichern wären. Die robotische Gastrektomie (RG) wird derzeit evaluiert. Nach ersten Studien scheint eine RG bei EGC gleichwertig zur LDG zu sein, allerdings ist die Evidenz derzeit gering (3 bis 2−).

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to systematically review the current evidence on laparoscopic and robotic distal and total gastrectomy in comparison to open surgery.

Material and methods

A systematic search of EMBASE and PubMed was conducted and 197 randomized (RCT) and non-randomized (non-RCT) studies were identified. An evaluation of early gastric cancer (EGC) and advanced (AGC) gastric cancer was carried out.

Results

For EGC and laparoscopic distal resection (LDG) and total gastrectomy (LTG) a total of 10 RCT and 6 non-RCT, including 4329 patients (laparoscopic 2010 vs. open 2319) were identified. At a high evidence level (1+, 1++) there was no significant difference in terms of feasibility, intraoperative outcome and oncological quality, mortality and long-term oncological outcome compared to open gastrectomy (OG). After LDG and LTG patients showed a significantly faster early postoperative recovery and lower total morbidity. In contrast, the operation times were significant longer compared to ODG and OTG. For distal AGC and LDG in 6 RCT, including 2806 patients (LDG 1410 vs. ODG 1369) comparable results could be found also with a high evidence level (1++). The evidence for LTG in cases of AGC was lower (2−, 2+). Currently ,only 6 non-RCT with a total of 1090 patients (LTG 539 vs. OTG 551) are available, which showed comparable results to LDG but further high-quality RCTs are necessary. Robotic gastrectomy (RG) is currently being evaluated. According to the first studies RG for EGC seems to be equivalent to LDG; however, the evidence is currently low (3 to 2−).

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Ludwig, K., Barz, C. & Scharlau, U. Evidenz in der minimal-invasiven onkologischen Chirurgie des Magens. Chirurg 92, 304–315 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00104-020-01315-3

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