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Nahinfrarotspektroskopie

Technik, Entwicklung, aktueller Einsatz und Ausblick

Near-infrared spectroscopy

Technique, development, current use and perspectives

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A Leserbriefe to this article was published on 21 April 2021

A Leserbriefe to this article was published on 06 April 2021

Zusammenfassung

Seit über 4 Jahrzehnten ist die Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (NIRS) in Forschung und klinischer Praxis verfügbar. Zuletzt gab es zahlreiche Veröffentlichungen und wesentliche Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die klinische Anwendung von NIRS in Bezug auf aktuelle Leitlinien, mit dem Schwerpunkt auf der Kinder- und Herzanästhesie. Es werden technische und physiologische Grundlagen und Fallstricke im klinischen Einsatz diskutiert sowie (patho-)physiologische Einflussfaktoren und abgeleitete Größen wie die „fractional oxygen extraction“ (FOE) und der „cerebral oxygen index“ (COx) dargestellt. Empfehlungen für die Interpretation von NIRS-Werten im Zusammenhang mit Einflussfaktoren wie Sauerstofftransportkapazität, Gasaustausch und Kreislauf sowie ein Algorithmus für die Kardioanästhesie werden präsentiert. Limitationen der Methode und die fehlende Vergleichbarkeit von Werten verschiedener Geräte sowie allgemein anerkannte Normwerte werden erklärt. Technische Unterschiede und Vorteile gegenüber Pulsoxymetrie und transkranieller Dopplersonographie werden beleuchtet. Abschließend werden die prognostische Bedeutung und Anforderungen an zukünftige klinische Studien erörtert.

Abstract

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been available in research and clinical practice for more than four decades. Recently, there have been numerous publications and substantial developments in the field. This article describes the clinical application of NIRS in relation to current guidelines, with a focus on pediatric and cardiac anesthesia. It discusses technical and physiological principles, pitfalls in clinical use and presents (patho)physiological influencing factors and derived variables, such as fractional oxygen extraction (FOE) and the cerebral oxygen index (COx). Recommendations for the interpretation of NIRS values in connection with influencing factors, such as oxygen transport capacity, gas exchange and circulation as well as an algorithm for cardiac anesthesia are presented. Limitations of the method and the lack of comparability of values from different devices as well as generally accepted standard values are explained. Technical differences and advantages compared to pulse oxymetry and transcranial Doppler sonography are illuminated. Finally, the prognostic significance and requirements for future clinical studies are discussed.

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  1. Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Operative Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156, Augsburg, Deutschland

    D. Bolkenius, C. Dumps & B. Rupprecht

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Bolkenius, D., Dumps, C. & Rupprecht, B. Nahinfrarotspektroskopie. Anaesthesist 70, 190–203 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-020-00837-z

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