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Concomitant chemoradiotherapy versus induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy as definitive, first line treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

A retrospective single center analysis

Kombinierte Radiochemotherapie im Vergleich zur Induktionschemotherapie gefolgt von einer Radiochemotherapie in der Primärtherapie des Plattenepithelkarzinoms der Kopf-Hals-Region

Eine retrospektive monozentrische Analyse

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Abstract

Purpose

Despite the lack of evidence to support its implementation in the clinical practice, induction chemotherapy (IC) before chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is often used in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). We retrospectively examined the tolerability, feasibility, and clinical outcome of both concepts in a single center analysis.

Patients and methods

In all, 83 patients were treated between 2007 and 2010 with IC + CRT (n = 42) or CRT alone (n = 41). IC consisted of docetaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF), or cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (PF). All patients were scheduled to receive 2 cycles of PF during concurrent CRT. Adverse events were assessed according to the common toxicity criteria of adverse events (CTCAE v. 3.0). Associations were tested using the χ² test, and survival estimates were calculated according to Kaplan–Meier.

Results

The median follow-up was 30.35 months (range 2.66–61.25 months). At 2 years, the overall survival rate was significantly higher for primary CRT compared to IC + CRT group (74.8 % vs. 54 %, respectively; p = 0.041). Significantly more treatment-related overall grade 4 toxicities were documented in the IC + CRT group compared to the CRT group (42.9% vs. 9.8%; p = 0.001). Renal toxicity ≥ grade 2 occurred in 52.4 % vs. 7.3 % (p < 0.001), respectively. In all, 93 % of the patients with primary CRT compared to 71 % with IC + CRT received the planned full radiotherapy dose (p = 0.012).

Conclusion

This is, to our knowledge, the largest retrospective study to compare IC + CRT with primary CRT. IC showed high acute toxicity, compromised the feasibility of concurrent CRT, and was associated with reduced overall survival rates compared to primary CRT. The lack of clinical benefit in conjunction with the increased toxicity does not support implementation of IC.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Trotz fehlender Studienergebnisse, die den Einsatz einer Induktionschemotherapie (IC) vor einer simultanen Radiochemotherapie (RCT) in der klinischen Routine stützen, wird sie immer häufiger für Patienten mit lokal fortgeschrittenen Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Kopf-Hals-Region (SCCHN) eingesetzt. Wir präsentieren hier die Ergebnisse einer retrospektiven monozentrischen Analyse zur Durchführbarkeit, Therapieverträglichkeit sowie die Resultate beider Behandlungsstrategien.

Patienten und Methoden

Zwischen 2007 und 2010 wurden 83 Patienten mit einer IC + CRT (42 Patienten) oder mit einer primären CRT (41 Patienten) behandelt. Die IC bestand aus Docetaxel, Cisplatin und 5-Fluorouracil (TPF) oder Cisplatin und 5-Fluorouracil (PF). Für alle Patienten war eine simultane CRT mit 2 Zyklen einer PF-Chemotherapie geplant. Nebenwirkungen wurden analog den „common toxicity criteria of adverse events“ (CTCAE v. 3.0) erfasst. Abhängigkeiten wurden mit dem Chi2-Test überprüft und Überlebensraten anhand der Kaplan-Meier-Methode geschätzt.

Ergebnisse

Es ereigneten sich signifikant mehr Grad-4-Nebenwirkungen in der IC + CRT-Gruppe (42,9 % vs. 9,8 %; p = 0,001). Eine Nierentoxizität ≥ Grad 2 ereignete sich in jeweils 52,4% vs. 7,3% (p < 0,001). Die geplante Radiotherapie in voller Dosis erhielten 93% der Patienten mit einer CRT im Vergleich zu 71 % mit einer IC + CRT (p = 0,012). Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit betrug 30,35 Monate (Spanne 2,66–61,25 Monate). Das Gesamtüberleben nach 2 Jahren war für die CRT-Gruppe signifikant höher (74,8 % vs. 54 %; p = 0,041).

Schlussfolgerung

Dies ist nach unserer Kenntnis die größte retrospektive Untersuchung, die eine IC gefolgt von einer CRT mit einer definitiven CRT vergleicht. Die IC zeigte eine hohe Rate an Akuttoxizitäten, welche die Durchführbarkeit der simultanen CRT einschränkten, und die letztlich mit einer geringeren Überlebensrate assoziiert war. Der fehlende klinische Vorteil, zusammen mit einer erhöhten Nebenwirkungsrate spricht gegen den Einsatz einer IC in der klinischen Routine.

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Compliance with ethical guidelines

Conflict of interest. P. Balermpas, C. Bauer, I. Fraunholz, A. Ottinger, J. Wagenblast, T. Stöver, O. Seitz, E. Fokas, C. Rödel, and C. Weiss state that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Correspondence to C. Weiss M.D..

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Panagiotis Balermpas and Christina Bauer contributed equally to this work.

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Balermpas, P., Bauer, C., Fraunholz, I. et al. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy versus induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy as definitive, first line treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Strahlenther Onkol 190, 256–262 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-013-0509-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00066-013-0509-9

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