Zusammenfassung
Die perkutane Revaskularisation von chronisch verschlossenen Koronarien stellt seit jeher eine große Herausforderung für die interventionelle Kardiologie dar. In den letzten Jahrzenten wurde eine Vielzahl an Anstrengungen unternommen, um die Revaskularisationsstrategien für chronisch verschlossene Koronarien zu standardisieren. Diese Bestrebungen sind v. a. in dem steigenden Interesse der verschiedenen kardiologischen Fachgesellschaften an dieser Patientengruppe, in der zunehmenden Erfahrung der Interventionalisten und in der fortwährenden Entwicklung des technischen Instrumentariums und von endovaskulären Unterstützungstechnologien begründet. Diese Übersichtsarbeit beleuchtet die aktuell zur Verfügung stehenden Hilfsmittel sowie Technologien, Techniken und Strategien zur perkutanen Rekanalisation von chronisch verschlossenen Koronarien.
Abstract
Percutaneous revascularization of chronic total occlusion (CTO) of coronary vessels represents a major challenge for contemporary interventional cardiologists. In the last decade there has been an unprecedented effort towards the standardization of revascularization procedures for CTO of coronary vessels. This endeavour has been possible by virtue of the growing interest of various cardiological societies for this patient group. Along with supportive endovascular technologies and percutaneous devices specifically dedicated to this interventional target, the increasing experience of interventionalists enabled continuously growing success for revascularization of CTO of coronary vessels. This review article highlights the currently available tools as well as technologies, techniques and strategies for the percutaneous recanalization of CTO of coronary vessels.
Literatur
Ybarra LF et al (2021) Definitions and clinical trial design principles for coronary artery chronic total occlusion therapies: CTO-ARC consensus recommendations. Circulation 143(5):479–500
Fefer P et al (2012) Current perspectives on coronary chronic total occlusions: the Canadian multicenter chronic total occlusions registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 59(11):991–997
Azzalini L et al (2016) Epidemiology, management strategies, and outcomes of patients with chronic total coronary occlusion. Am J Cardiol 118(8):1128–1135
Sachdeva R et al (2014) The myocardium supplied by a chronic total occlusion is a persistently ischemic zone. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 83(1):9–16
Werner GS et al (2009) Chronic total coronary occlusions in patients with stable angina pectoris: impact on therapy and outcome in present day clinical practice. Clin Res Cardiol 98(7):435–441
Jang WJ et al (2015) Long-term survival benefit of revascularization compared with medical therapy in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion and well-developed collateral circulation. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 8(2):271–279
Khan MF et al (2013) Effects of percutaneous revascularization of chronic total occlusions on clinical outcomes: a meta-analysis comparing successful versus failed percutaneous intervention for chronic total occlusion. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 82(1):95–107
Christakopoulos GE et al (2015) Meta-analysis of clinical outcomes of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary interventions for chronic total occlusions. Am J Cardiol 115(10):1367–1375
Patel VG et al (2013) Angiographic success and procedural complications in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary chronic total occlusion interventions: a weighted meta-analysis of 18,061 patients from 65 studies. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 6(2):128–136
Mares A, Mukherjee D (2021) Management of chronic total occlusion of coronary artery. Int J Angiol 30(1):48–52
Lee PH et al (2016) Successful recanalization of native coronary chronic total occlusion is not associated with improved long-term survival. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 9(6):530–538
Werner GS et al (2018) A randomized multicentre trial to compare revascularization with optimal medical therapy for the treatment of chronic total coronary occlusions. Eur Heart J 39(26):2484–2493
Obedinskiy AA et al (2018) The IMPACTOR-CTO trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 11(13):1309–1311
Lee SW et al (2019) Randomized trial evaluating percutaneous coronary intervention for the treatment of chronic total occlusion. Circulation 139(14):1674–1683
Mashayekhi K et al (2018) A randomized trial to assess regional left ventricular function after stent implantation in chronic total occlusion: the REVASC trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 11(19):1982–1991
Galassi AR et al (2011) In-hospital outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with chronic total occlusion: insights from the ERCTO (European registry of chronic total occlusion) registry. EuroIntervention 7(4):472–479
Maeremans J et al (2016) The hybrid algorithm for treating chronic total occlusions in europe: the RECHARGE registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 68(18):1958–1970
Galassi AR et al (2019) Percutaneous recanalisation of chronic total occlusions: 2019 consensus document from the EuroCTO club. EuroIntervention 15(2):198–208
Bakker EJ et al (2017) Fully transradial versus transfemoral approach for percutaneous intervention of coronary chronic total occlusions applying the hybrid algorithm: insights from RECHARGE registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 10(9):e5255
Meijers TA et al (2021) Randomized comparison between radial and femoral large-bore access for complex percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 14(12):1293–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2021.03.041
Soud M et al (2020) The efficacy and safety of transradial and transfemoral approach in treatment of coronary chronic total occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 18(11):809–817
Brilakis E (2012) S et al A percutaneous treatment algorithm for crossing coronary chronic total occlusions. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 5(4):367–379
Karatasakis A et al (2017) Guidewire and microcatheter utilization patterns during antegrade wire escalation in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: Insights from a contemporary multicenter registry. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 89(4):E90–e98
Maeremans J et al (2016) Antegrade wire escalation for chronic total occlusions in coronary arteries: simple algorithms as a key to success. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 17(9):680–686
Walsh SJ et al (2020) Intravascular healing is not affected by approaches in contemporary CTO PCI: the CONSISTENT CTO study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 13(12):1448–1457
Song L et al (2017) Intravascular ultrasound analysis of Intraplaque versus subintimal tracking in percutaneous intervention for coronary chronic total occlusions and association with procedural outcomes. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 10(10):1011–1021
Sumitsuji S et al (2011) Fundamental wire technique and current standard strategy of percutaneous intervention for chronic total occlusion with histopathological insights. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 4(9):941–951
Wu EB et al (2019) Chronic total occlusion wiring: a state-of-the-art guide from the asia pacific chronic total occlusion club. Heart Lung Circ 28(10):1490–1500
Wilson WM et al (2016) Hybrid approach improves success of chronic total occlusion angioplasty. Heart 102(18):1486–1493
Maeremans J et al (2017) Antegrade dissection and reentry as part of the hybrid chronic total occlusion revascularization strategy. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 10(6):e4791
McEntegart MB et al (2016) The collateral circulation of coronary chronic total occlusions. EuroIntervention 11(14):e1596–603
Whitlow PL et al (2012) Use of a novel crossing and re-entry system in coronary chronic total occlusions that have failed standard crossing techniques: results of the FAST-CTos (facilitated antegrade steering technique in chronic total occlusions) trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 5(4):393–401
Sakakura K et al (2014) Comparison of pathology of chronic total occlusion with and without coronary artery bypass graft. Eur Heart J 35(25):1683–1693
Tajti P et al (2018) The hybrid approach to chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention: update from the PROGRESS CTO registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 11(14):1325–1335
Khand A et al (2015) Retrograde wiring of collateral channels of the heart in chronic total occlusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of safety, feasibility, and incremental value in achieving revascularization. Angiology 66(10):925–932
Joyal D et al (2012) The retrograde technique for recanalization of chronic total occlusions: a step-by-step approach. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 5(1):1–11
Kovacic JC et al (2013) GuideLiner mother-and-child guide catheter extension: a simple adjunctive tool in PCI for balloon uncrossable chronic total occlusions. J Interv Cardiol 26(4):343–350
Mashayekhi K et al (2017) Wire externalisation techniques for retrograde percutaneous coronary interventions of chronic total occlusions. EuroIntervention 13(12):e1489–e1490
Azzalini L et al (2018) Intracoronary snaring of the retrograde guidewire: how to overcome extreme takeoff angles in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 91(3):464–469
Hsu JT et al (2009) Traditional antegrade approach versus combined antegrade and retrograde approach in the percutaneous treatment of coronary chronic total occlusions. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 74(4):555–563
Vemmou E et al (2019) Recent advances in microcatheter technology for the treatment of chronic total occlusions. Expert Rev Med Devices 16(4):267–273
Mohandes M et al (2016) Efficacy and safety of tornus catheter in percutaneous coronary intervention of hard or balloon-uncrossable chronic total occlusion. ARYA Atheroscler 12(4):206–211
Danek BA et al (2017) Incidence, treatment, and outcomes of coronary perforation during chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 120(8):1285–1292
Ellis SG et al (1994) Increased coronary perforation in the new device era. Incidence, classification, management, and outcome. Circulation 90(6):2725–2730
Shimony A et al (2011) Coronary artery perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol 27(6):843–850
Wu K et al (2019) Predictors, treatment, and long-term outcomes of coronary perforation during retrograde percutaneous coronary intervention via epicardial collaterals for recanalization of chronic coronary total occlusion. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 93(S1):800–809
Kinnaird T et al (2016) Incidence, determinants, and outcomes of coronary perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention in the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2013: an analysis of 527 121 cases from the British cardiovascular intervention society database. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 9(8):e3449. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.115.003449
Xenogiannis I, Brilakis ES (2019) Advances in the treatment of coronary perforations. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 93(5):921–922
Witzke CF et al (2004) The changing pattern of coronary perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention in the new device era. J Invasive Cardiol 16(6):257–301
Teis A et al (2010) Coronary artery perforation by intracoronary guide wires: risk factors and clinical outcomes. Rev Esp Cardiol 63(6):730–734
Werner GS, Ahmed WH (2017) Fenestration of a papyrus PK covered stent to recover the occluded left main bifurcation after sealing a left main perforation during a CTO procedure. Cardiovasc Revasc Med 18(6s1):41–44
Moriyama N, Tanaka Y, Saito S (2017) Bailout polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent implantation for left main bifurcation perforation using the kissing stent technique. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 89(6):1022–1027
Kufner S et al (2019) Outcome after new generation single-layer polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent implantation for the treatment of coronary artery perforation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 93(5):912–920
Giannini F et al (2018) A practical approach to the management of complications during percutaneous coronary intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 11(18):1797–1810
Garbo R, Oreglia JA, Gasparini GL (2017) The balloon-microcatheter technique for treatment of coronary artery perforations. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 89(2):E75–e83
Milasinovic D et al (2018) Step-by-step manual for planning and performing bifurcation PCI: a resource-tailored approach. EuroIntervention 13(15):e1804–e1811
Yu CW et al (2017) Coronary computed tomography angiography predicts guidewire crossing and success of percutaneous intervention for chronic total occlusion: Korean multicenter CTO CT registry score as a tool for assessing difficulty in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 10(4):e5800
Tian NL et al (2015) Angiographic and clinical comparisons of intravascular ultrasound- versus angiography-guided drug-eluting stent implantation for patients with chronic total occlusion lesions: two-year results from a randomised AIR-CTO study. EuroIntervention 10(12):1409–1417
Kim BK et al (2015) Clinical impact of intravascular ultrasound-guided chronic total occlusion intervention with zotarolimus-eluting versus biolimus-eluting stent implantation: randomized study. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 8(7):e2592
Galassi AR et al (2016) Utility of intravascular ultrasound in percutaneous revascularization of chronic total occlusions: an overview. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 9(19):1979–1991
Xhepa E et al (2019) Subintimal versus intraplaque recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusions: mid-term angiographic and OCT findings from the ISAR-OCT-CTO registry. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 12(19):1889–1898
Xhepa E et al (2021) Clinical and angiographic outcomes of crossing techniques for coronary chronic total occlusions—the ISAR-CTO registry. EuroIntervention. https://doi.org/10.4244/EIJ-D-20-01248
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Interessenkonflikt
F. Voll, C. Kuna, S. Kufner und S. Cassese geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Voll, F., Kuna, C., Kufner, S. et al. Technisches Rüstzeug für chronisch verschlossene Gefäße. Herz 46, 406–418 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-021-05053-y
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-021-05053-y