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Nichtkodierende RNA

Innovative Regulatoren mit therapeutischer Perspektive

Non-coding RNA

Innovative regulators with therapeutic perspective

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Zusammenfassung

Infolge des humanen Genomprojekts wurde bekannt, dass lediglich 1–3 % der Gentranskripte tatsächlich Proteine kodieren und der wesentlich größere Anteil als nichtkodierende Ribonukleinsäuren (ncRNAs) vorliegt. Diese ncRNAs nehmen großen Einfluss auf verschiedenste physiologische und pathologische Mechanismen eines Organismus. Vor allem microRNAs (miRNAs) und lange nichtkodierende RNAs (lncRNAs), welche anhand ihrer Größe und Funktion unterschieden werden, sind in die Entstehung und Regulation vieler Krankheiten involviert. Auch im Hinblick auf Herz- und kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen wurden bereits zahlreiche ncRNAs näher beschrieben. Da diese therapeutische Zielstrukturen darstellen, bieten sie eine ganz neue Ebene zur Entdeckung vielversprechender therapeutischer Ansätze. Es gibt bereits verschiedene Ansätze, die Expressionslevel bestimmter ncRNAs zu verändern, um pathologische Prozesse positiv zu beeinflussen und erste Medikamente, basierend auf miRNAs, sind bereits zugelassen. Darüber hinaus können Plasma-ncRNAs als neue nicht-invasive diagnostische Marker zur Erkennung von Krankheiten dienen.

Abstract

As a result of the Human Genome Project it became evident that only 1–3% of all gene transcripts encode proteins. The vast majority of gene transcripts are in fact characterized as non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These ncRNAs have a huge impact on diverse physiological and pathological mechanisms within an organism. In particular, microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are differentiated by their size and function, are involved in the regulation and development of many illnesses. In the context of heart and cardiovascular diseases numerous ncRNAs have also already been described in some detail. As these molecules represent therapeutic target structures, ncRNAs provide a completely new level for the discovery of promising therapeutic approaches. Many approaches have already been developed aimed at influencing the expression levels of specific ncRNAs in order to induce beneficial effects on pathological processes. In fact, first medications based on miRNAs have already achieved approval. Additionally, ncRNAs contained in plasma can serve as new non-invasive diagnostic markers for the detection of diseases.

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Förderung

Wir bedanken uns für die finanzielle Unterstützung unserer Arbeiten bei der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, dem European Research Council und dem REBIRTH-Excellence Cluster der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Molekulare und Translationale Therapiestrategien (IMTTS), Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland

    A. Bührke, C. Bär & T. Thum MD, PhD

  2. REBIRTH Excellence Cluster, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland

    T. Thum MD, PhD

Authors
  1. A. Bührke
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  2. C. Bär
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  3. T. Thum MD, PhD
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to C. Bär or T. Thum MD, PhD.

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Interessenkonflikt

T. Thum ist Gründer von Cardior Pharmaceuticals und hat mehrere Patente zu nichtkodierender RNAs eingereicht bzw. lizensiert. A. Bührke und C. Bär geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Bührke, A., Bär, C. & Thum, T. Nichtkodierende RNA. Herz 43, 115–122 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-017-4660-4

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