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Chicxulub Crater Joint Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Analysis: Structure, Asymmetries, Impact Trajectory and Target Structures

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Abstract

Modeling gravity and magnetic anomalies over the Chicxulub crater are used to constrain the structure, stratigraphy, and asymmetries. Chicxulub is a multiring ~ 200 km rim diameter structure with a central uplift and well-preserved peak ring. The low relief terrain and physical property contrasts have facilitated geophysical modeling of the structure and impactite deposits. Nevertheless, contrasting models have been obtained due to data resolution limitations, uneven coverage, non-uniqueness solutions, boundary conditions, and heterogeneous/anisotropic media. We employ a multi-technique approach based on regional–residual separation, spectral analysis, first and second derivatives, upward and downward analytical continuations, horizontal gradients, analytical signal, Euler deconvolution, reduction to the pole, and forward modeling to constraint the anomaly sources, geometry and depths. Forward modeling of gravity anomaly favors central uplift flat-top models, whereas magnetic models show irregular shapes with a peak towards the NE, at 4–5 km depth. Analysis shows the effects of intersecting regional anomalies in the semicircular pattern that limit the definition of asymmetries, which constrains impact angle and trajectory, crater structure and pre-existing target features. Models link lateral–vertical density and magnetic property contrasts, distinguishing non-magnetic pre-and post-impact carbonates and carbonate-rich breccias from melt and basement rich breccias, and displaced, fractured impactites and basement uplift.

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Availability of Data and Materials

Potential field anomaly data used in the study has been retrieved from previous studies referenced in the Methods and available upon request from authors.

Code Availability

No code material was developed. Reference to codes used are given in the Methods section.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the comments by the journal reviewers and editor Dr. Valentine O. Mikhailov, which have been most useful in improving the paper. The study is part of the Chicxulub Crater Research Program. We thank Marysol Valdés, Araxi Urrutia, Rafael Venegas and Miguel Angel Díaz for assistance. This is contribution IICEAC-21-0015.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa Universitario de Perforaciones en Océanos y Continentes, Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico

    Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Ligia Pérez-Cruz & Irving A. Romero-Galindo

  2. Instituto de Investigación Científica y Estudios Avanzados Chicxulub, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Yucatán, Sierra Papacal, 97302, Merida, Yucatán, Mexico

    Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi, Oscar Arellano-Catalán, Ligia Pérez-Cruz & Irving A. Romero-Galindo

  3. Grupo KB de Mexico SA de CV, Av. Rio Mixocac 66-101, Colonia del Valle, 03100, Mexico City, Mexico

    Oscar Arellano-Catalán

  4. Coordinación de Plataformas Oceanográficas, Coordinación de la Investigación Científica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico

    Ligia Pérez-Cruz

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  1. Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi
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Urrutia-Fucugauchi, J., Arellano-Catalán, O., Pérez-Cruz, L. et al. Chicxulub Crater Joint Gravity and Magnetic Anomaly Analysis: Structure, Asymmetries, Impact Trajectory and Target Structures. Pure Appl. Geophys. 179, 2735–2756 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-022-03074-0

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