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Transcriptional block of AMPK-induced autophagy promotes glutamate excitotoxicity in nutrient-deprived SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

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Abstract

We investigated the role of autophagy, a controlled lysosomal degradation of cellular macromolecules and organelles, in glutamate excitotoxicity during nutrient deprivation in vitro. The incubation in low-glucose serum/amino acid-free cell culture medium synergized with glutamate in increasing AMP/ATP ratio and causing excitotoxic necrosis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Glutamate suppressed starvation-triggered autophagy, as confirmed by diminished intracellular acidification, lower LC3 punctuation and LC3-I conversion to autophagosome-associated LC3-II, reduced expression of proautophagic beclin-1 and ATG5, increase of the selective autophagic target NBR1, and decreased number of autophagic vesicles. Similar results were observed in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. Both glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and autophagy inhibition in starved SH-SY5Y cells were reverted by NMDA antagonist memantine and mimicked by NMDA agonists D-aspartate and ibotenate. Glutamate reduced starvation-triggered phosphorylation of the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) without affecting the activity of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1, a major negative regulator of autophagy. This was associated with reduced mRNA levels of autophagy transcriptional activators (FOXO3, ATF4) and molecules involved in autophagy initiation (ULK1, ATG13, FIP200), autophagosome nucleation/elongation (ATG14, beclin-1, ATG5), and autophagic cargo delivery to autophagosomes (SQSTM1). Glutamate-mediated transcriptional repression of autophagy was alleviated by overexpression of constitutively active AMPK. Genetic or pharmacological AMPK activation by AMPK overexpression or metformin, as well as genetic or pharmacological autophagy induction by TFEB overexpression or lithium chloride, reduced the sensitivity of nutrient-deprived SH-SY5Y cells to glutamate excitotoxicity. These data indicate that transcriptional inhibition of AMPK-dependent cytoprotective autophagy is involved in glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity during nutrient deprivation in vitro.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action (TRANSAUTOPHAGY CA15138), the “Start Up for Science” grant by Phillip Morris and Center for Leadership Development, and the Ministry of Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia under grants 173053, 41025, and 173022. The authors would like to thank Dr. Benoit Viollet (Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris, France) for helpful discussion and his gift of the plasmid encoding a constitutively active AMPK, and Nikola Micic (Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia) for performing the HPLC analysis.

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  1. Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz

    Present address: Regional Center for Biomedical Research, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Ljubica Vucicevic & Maja Misirkic

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Darko Ciric & Tamara Martinovic

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Maja Jovanovic, Aleksandra Isakovic & Ivanka Markovic

  4. Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

    Jasna Saponjic

  5. Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France

    Marc Foretz

  6. CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France

    Marc Foretz

  7. Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris cité, Paris, France

    Marc Foretz

  8. Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

    Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz & Viktor I. Korolchuk

  9. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Vladimir Trajkovic

Authors
  1. Ljubica Vucicevic
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  2. Maja Misirkic
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  3. Darko Ciric
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  4. Tamara Martinovic
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  5. Maja Jovanovic
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  6. Aleksandra Isakovic
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  7. Ivanka Markovic
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  8. Jasna Saponjic
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  9. Marc Foretz
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  10. Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
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  11. Viktor I. Korolchuk
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  12. Vladimir Trajkovic
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Contributions

LV: conceptualization, resources, investigation, formal analysis, preparation and visualization, writing-original draft; MM: conceptualization, investigation, formal analysis, preparation and visualization, writing-original draft; DC, TM, MJ, AI: investigation, formal analysis; IM, JS: resources, investigation; MF: resources, writing-review and editing; YRR: investigation, formal analysis; VIK: resources, writing-review and editing, supervision; VT: conceptualization, resources, validation, preparation and visualization, writing-review and editing, supervision.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vladimir Trajkovic.

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Vucicevic, L., Misirkic, M., Ciric, D. et al. Transcriptional block of AMPK-induced autophagy promotes glutamate excitotoxicity in nutrient-deprived SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 77, 3383–3399 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03356-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03356-2

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