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Light-induced modulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain activity: possibilities and limitations

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Abstract

Biological effects of high fluence low-power (HFLP) lasers have been reported for some time, yet the molecular mechanisms procuring cellular responses remain obscure. A better understanding of the effects of HFLP lasers on living cells will be instrumental for the development of new experimental and therapeutic strategies. Therefore, we investigated sub-cellular mechanisms involved in the laser interaction with human hepatic cell lines. We show that mitochondria serve as sub-cellular “sensor” and “effector” of laser light non-specific interactions with cells. We demonstrated that despite blue and red laser irradiation results in similar apoptotic death, cellular signaling and kinetic of biochemical responses are distinct. Based on our data, we concluded that blue laser irradiation inhibited cytochrome c oxidase activity in electron transport chain of mitochondria. Contrary, red laser triggered cytochrome c oxidase excessive activation. Moreover, we showed that Bcl-2 protein inhibited laser-induced toxicity by stabilizing mitochondria membrane potential. Thus, cells that either overexpress or have elevated levels of Bcl-2 are protected from laser-induced cytotoxicity. Our findings reveal the mechanism how HFLP laser irradiation interfere with cell homeostasis and underscore that such laser irradiation permits remote control of mitochondrial function in the absence of chemical or biological agents.

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Abbreviations

HFLP:

High fluence low-power

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

COX:

Cytochrome c oxidase

MOMP:

Permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane

PMB:

Photobiomodulation

ETC:

Electron transport chain

IMM:

Inner mitochondrial membrane

SIM:

Structured illumination microscopy

ΔmΦ:

Mitochondrial membrane potential

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

mPTP:

Mitochondrial permeability transition pore

LLLT:

Low‐level light therapy

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Acknowledgements

The work is supported by Operational Programme Research, Development and Education financed by European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (Project No. SOLID21—CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000760), the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, goszadanie no 8.3134.2017/4.6 and MH CZ—DRO Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine—IKEM, IN 00023001.

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  1. Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic

    Mariia Lunova, Barbora Smolková, Mariia Uzhytchak, Šárka Kubinová, Alexandr Dejneka & Oleg Lunov

  2. Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKEM), 14021, Prague, Czech Republic

    Mariia Lunova, Klára Žofie Janoušková & Milan Jirsa

  3. First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108, Prague, Czech Republic

    Klára Žofie Janoušková

  4. ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia

    Daria Egorova & Andrei Kulikov

  5. Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic

    Šárka Kubinová

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Lunova, M., Smolková, B., Uzhytchak, M. et al. Light-induced modulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain activity: possibilities and limitations. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 77, 2815–2838 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03321-z

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