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Regulatory circuits controlling vascular cell calcification

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Abstract

Vascular calcification is a common feature of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and aging. Such abnormal calcium deposition occurs in medial and/or intimal layers of blood vessels as well as in cardiac valves. Once considered a passive and inconsequential finding, the presence of calcium deposits in the vasculature is widely accepted as a predictor of increased morbidity and mortality. Recognition of the importance of vascular calcification in health is driving research into mechanisms that govern its development, progression, and regression. Diverse, but highly interconnected factors, have been implicated, including disturbances in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and mineral and hormonal balances, which can lead to formation of osteoblast-like cells in the artery wall. A tight balance of procalcific and anticalcific regulators dictates the extent of disease. In this review, we focus on the main regulatory circuits modulating vascular cell calcification.

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Abbreviations

BMP-2:

Bone morphogenetic protein 2

Cbfa1:

Core binding factor alpha 1

ENPP1:

Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1

FGF-23:

Fibroblast growth factor 23

MGP:

Matrix GLA protein

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PTH:

Parathyroid hormone

Runx2:

Runt-related transcription factor 2

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

VSMCs:

Vascular smooth muscle cells

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (DK081346, HL081202 and HL109628), and the Laubisch Endowment at University of California, Los Angeles.

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  1. Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Center for the Health Sciences, A2-237, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA

    Tamer Sallam, Henry Cheng, Linda L. Demer & Yin Tintut

  2. Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Linda L. Demer

  3. Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Linda L. Demer

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  1. Tamer Sallam
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  2. Henry Cheng
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Correspondence to Yin Tintut.

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Sallam, T., Cheng, H., Demer, L.L. et al. Regulatory circuits controlling vascular cell calcification. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 70, 3187–3197 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-1231-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-1231-y

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