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Highly reactive oxygen species: detection, formation, and possible functions

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Abstract

The so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS) are defined as oxygen-containing species that are more reactive than O2 itself, which include hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Although these are quite stable, they may be converted in the presence of transition metal ions, such as Fe(II), to the highly reactive oxygen species (hROS). hROS may exist as free hydroxyl radicals (HO·), as bound (“crypto”) radicals or as Fe(IV)-oxo (ferryl) species and the somewhat less reactive, non-radical species, singlet oxygen. This review outlines the processes by which hROS may be formed, their damaging potential, and the evidence that they might have signaling functions. Since our understanding of the formation and actions of hROS depends on reliable procedures for their detection, particular attention is given to procedures for hROS detection and quantitation and their applicability to in vivo studies.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for financial support from “Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung in Österreich” (Project 19335-N17), Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze (Firenze, Italy), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Science Foundation Ireland, ERAB: The European Foundation for Alcohol Research (Brussels, Belgium), and also to the EU COST action D34 supporting our international cooperation.

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  1. Loria Bianchi

    Present address: Azienda USL 3 di Pistoia, 51100, Pistoia, Italy

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Farmacologia Preclinica e Clinica M. Aiazzi Mancini, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Viale G. Pieraccini 6, 50139, Florence, Italy

    Maria A. Colivicchi, Chiara Stefanini, Loria Bianchi, Chiara Ballini & Laura Della Corte

  2. Institute for Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-AC, 1060, Vienna, Austria

    Wolfhardt Freinbichler, Bashkim Misini, Peter Weinberger & Wolfgang Linert

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland

    Damir Varešlija & Keith F. Tipton

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  1. Wolfhardt Freinbichler
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  2. Maria A. Colivicchi
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Correspondence to Laura Della Corte.

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Freinbichler, W., Colivicchi, M.A., Stefanini, C. et al. Highly reactive oxygen species: detection, formation, and possible functions. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 68, 2067–2079 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0682-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0682-x

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