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G protein coupled receptors signaling pathways implicate in inflammatory and immune response of rheumatoid arthritis

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Abstract

Introduction

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptor proteins, which allow the transfer of signals across the membrane. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis and accompanied with inflammatory and abnormal immune response. GPCRs signaling pathways play a significant role in inflammatory and immune response processes including RA.

Findings

In this review, we have focused on the advances in GPCRs signaling pathway implicating the inflammatory and immune response of RA. The signaling pathways of GPCRs–adenylyl cyclase (AC)–cyclic adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) include β2 adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs)–AC–cAMP signaling pathways, E-prostanoid2/4 (EP2/4)–AC–cAMP signaling pathways and so on. Regulatory proteins, such as G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins, play important modulatory roles in GPCRs signaling pathway. GPCRs signaling pathway and regulatory proteins implicate the pathogenesis process of inflammatory and immune response.

Conclusion

GPCRs–AC–cAMP signal pathways involve in the inflammatory and immune response of RA. Different signaling pathways are mediated by different receptors, such as β2-AR, PGE2 receptor, chemokines receptor, and adenosine receptor. GRKs and β-arrestins are crucial proteins in the regulation of GPCRs signaling pathways. The potential therapeutic targets as well as strategies to modulate GPCRs signaling pathway are new development trends.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81173075, 31100640, 81330081 and 81473223), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2013M540509), Anhui Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2016B134).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China

    Jinling Shu, Feng Zhang, Lingling Zhang & Wei Wei

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  1. Jinling Shu
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Shu, J., Zhang, F., Zhang, L. et al. G protein coupled receptors signaling pathways implicate in inflammatory and immune response of rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm. Res. 66, 379–387 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-016-1011-5

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