Abstract
Seaweed compounds can play important roles in either plant growth promoting or plant-pathogen interactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of crude extracts and sulfated polysaccharides isolated from the green macroalga Ulva fasciata in the control of bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum as well the influence in the plant growth. Sulfated polysaccharides, called ulvan, were extracted with hot water, precipitated in ethanol and identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods (13C NMR). The contents of sulfate, uronic acid, protein and monosaccharides were determined. In order to obtain the crude extracts, the dried alga was extracted with methanol in Soxhlet apparatus or with ethanol at room temperature. The effect of ulvan (0.1; 1; and 10 mg ml−1) and crude extracts were tested in vitro on conidial germination and mycelial growth of C. lindemuthianum and also on the seed germination and seedling length of bean. Under greenhouse conditions, bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were sprayed twice with ulvan or extracts and inoculated two days after the second application. The anthracnose severity was evaluated 7 days and aerial plant dry weight 14 days after inoculation. The soluble methanolic extract inhibited the mycelial growth of C. lindemuthianum in vitro, but did not reduce the disease severity under greenhouse conditions. Foliar spray of methanolic extracts enhanced the dry weight of bean plants by 20%. In contrast, ulvan increased in vitro the mycelium growth and the conidia germination of the fungus, but in greenhouse, the spray of 10 mg ml−1 ulvan reduced the anthracnose severity by 38% without affecting plant growth. The results indicate that ulvan is probably able to induce resistance to bean anthracnose.
Zusammenfassung
Verbindungen aus Algen können eine wichtige Rolle bei der Förderung des Pflanzenwachstums und bei Pflanze-Pathogen Interaktionen spielen. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher, das Potenzial von Rohextrakten und sulfonierten Polysacchariden aus der grünen Macroalge Ulva fasciata für die Bekämpfung der durch Colletotrichum lindemuthianum verursachten Brennfleckenkrankheit an Buschbohne (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) und für die Stimulation des Wachstums dieser Pflanze auszuwerten. Die sulfonierten Polysaccharide, nämlich Ulvane, wurden mit warmem Wasser extrahiert, mit Ethanol gefällt und mit Hilfe von spektroskopischen Methoden (13C-NMR) identifiziert. Der Gehalt an Sulfat, Uronsäure, Proteinen und Monosacchariden wurde bestimmt. Um die Rohextrakte zu gewinnen, wurden die getrockneten Algen mit Methanol im Soxhlet-Gerät oder mit Ethanol bei Raumtemperatur extra-hiert. Die in-vitro-Wirkung von Ulvan (0,1, 1 und 10 mg ml−1) und der Rohextrakte, sowohl auf die Konidienkeimung und das Myzelwachstum von C. lindemuthianum als auch auf die Keimungsfähigkeit und die Länge der Sämlingen von Bohnen, wurde ermittelt. Unter Gewächshausbedingungen wurden die Bohnenpflanzen zweimal mit Ulvan oder Rohextrakten besprüht und zwei Tage danach inokuliert. Der Krankheitsbefall und die pflanzliche Trockenmasse wurden 7 bzw. 14 Tagen nach der Inokulation ausgewertet. Der methanolische Extrakt reduzierte das pilzliche Myzelwachstum zwar in vitro, die Blattapplikation der methanolischen Extrakte wies aber keinen Effekt auf den Krankheitbefall im Gewächhaus auf. Die Trockenmasse der Bohnenpflanzen wurde um 20% erhöht. Im Gegensatz dazu verbesserte Ulvan das Myzelwachstum und die Konidienkeimung des Pilzes in vitro, während seine Blattapplikation im Gewäschshaus bei einer Konzentration von 10 mg ml−1 den Krankheitsbefall um 38% reduzierte, ohne Auswirkungen auf das Pflanzenwachstum zu haben. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Ulvan möglicherweise die Resistenz von Buschbohnenpflanzen gegen die Brennfleckenkrankheit induziert.
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Paulert, R., Talamini, V., Cassolato, J.E.F. et al. Effects of sulfated polysaccharide and alcoholic extracts from green seaweed Ulva fasciata on anthracnose severity and growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Plant Dis Prot 116, 263–270 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356321
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03356321