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Molecular Diagnosis and Management of Viral Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients

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Abstract

Viral infections after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are important complications associated with high morbidity and mortality. In this setting, reactivations of persisting latent viral pathogens from donor and/or recipient cells play a central role whereas the sterile environment of transplant units renders new infections less likely. The viruses currently regarded as most relevant in the HSCT setting include particularly the herpes virus family—specifically cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) —as well as human adenoviruses (AdVs) and the polyoma virus BK (BKV). Timely detection and monitoring of virus copy numbers are prerequisites for successful preemptive treatment approaches. Pre- and post-transplant surveillance by sensitive and quantitative molecular methods has therefore become an essential part of the diagnostic routine. In this review, we discuss diagnostic aspects and the clinical management of the most important viral infections in HSCT recipients, with a focus on pediatric patients.

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Sabine Breuer and Margit Rauch contributed equally to the manuscript. There was no funding provided for preparation of the paper. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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  1. Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, St. Anna Children’s Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Sabine Breuer & Susanne Matthes-Martin

  2. Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Medical University of Vienna, Zimmermannplatz 10, Vienna, 1090, Austria

    Margit Rauch &  Thomas Lion

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  1. Sabine Breuer
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Breuer, S., Rauch, M., Matthes-Martin, S. et al. Molecular Diagnosis and Management of Viral Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Mol Diagn Ther 16, 63–77 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03256431

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