Summary
This randomized, open-label, balanced, five-treatment, five-period, five-sequence, single-dose and crossover pharmacokinetic study assessed the effect of different types of food on the bioavailability of cefaclor in 18 healthy male volunteers. A single dose of cefaclor, 250-mg capsule was administered at five occasions: after overnight fasting, after two vegetarian (high-fat and low-fat) diets and two non-vegetarian (high-fat and low-fat) diets. Serial blood samples were collected upto 8 h post dose. Serum cefaclor concentrations were determined by a validated HPLC method. AUC values were not significantly affected by food intake, but the Tmax was prolonged and Cmax was decreased, depending on the type of meal. The non-vegetarian diets affected the rate of absorption of cefaclor more than the vegetarian diets. The least decrease in Cmax was produced by low-fat vegetarian diet, while the maximum decrease was produced by high-fat non-vegetarian diet. The results of this study indicate that while the rate of absorption of cefaclor is significantly decreased, the extent of absorption and the rate of elimination are not significantly decreased in the presence of food. As compared to high-fat non-vegetarian diet, the time above MIC50 concentration was significantly increased by low-fat vegetarian diet. The implications of these findings for the large vegetarian Indian population are considerable.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Sourgens H., Derendorf H., Schifferer H. (1997): Pharmacokinetic profile of cefaclor. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther., 35, 374–380.
Sullivan H.R., Due S.L., Kau D.L.K., Quay J.F., Miller W. (1976): Metabolism of (14C) cefaclor, a cephalosporin antibiotic, in three species of laboratory animals. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 10, 630–638.
Glynne A., Goulborn A., Ryder R. (1978): A human pharmacology study of cefaclor. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 4, 343–348.
Haginaka J., Yamaoka K., Kagagama T., Nishimura Y., Uno T. (1979): Evaluation of food ingestion on bioavailability of cephalexin by moment analysis. Chem. Pharm. Bull., 27, 3156–3159.
Lode H., Stahlmann R., Koeppe P. (1979): Comparative pharmacokinetics of cephalexin, cefaclor, cefadroxil, and CGP 9000. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 16, 1–6.
Barbhaiya R.H., Gleason C.R., Shyu W.C., Pittman K.A. (1990): Comparison of the effects of food on the pharmacokinetics of cefprozil and cefaclor. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 1210–1213.
McCracken G.H. Jr., Ginsburg C.M., Clahsen J.C., Thomas M.L. (1978): Pharmacologic evaluation of orally administered antibiotics in infants and children: effect of feeding on bioavailability. Pediatrics, 62, 738–743.
Hodges G.R., Liu C., Hinthorn D.R., Harms J.L., Dworzack D.L. (1978): Pharmacological evaluation of cefaclor in volunteers. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 14, 454–456.
Finn A., Straughn A., Meyer M. (1987): Effect of dose and food on the bioavailability of cefuroxime axetil. Biopharm. Drug Dispos., 8, 519–526.
Williams P.E., Harding S.M. (1984): The absolute bioavailability of oral cefuroxime axetil in male and female volunteers after fasting and after food. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 13, 191–196.
Oguma T., Yamada H., Sawaki M., Narita N. (1991): Pharmacokinetic analysis of the effects of different foods on absorption of cefaclor. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 35, 1729–1735.
Khan B.A.H., Monif T., Saha N., Sharma P.L. (2001): Influence of dietary source and fat content on the bioavailability of an extended release formulation of cefaclor in healthy human volunteers. Ind. J. Pharmacol., 33, 55.
James N.C., Donn K.H., Collins J.J., Davis I.M., Lloyd T.L., Hart R.W., Powell J.R. (1991): Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime axetil and cefaclor: relationship of concentrations in serum to MICs for common respiratory pathogens. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 35, 1860–1863.
Ginsburg C.M. (1982): Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefadroxil, cefaclor, cephalexin and cephadrine in infants and children. J. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 10, 27–31.
Nix D.E., Wilton J.H., Ronald B., Distlerath L., Williams V.C., Norman A. (1990): Inhibition of norfloxacin absorption by antacids. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 34, 432–435.
Welling P.G., Tse F.L.S. (1982): The influence of food on the absorption of antimicrobial agents. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 9, 7–27.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Karim, S., Ahmed, T., Monif, T. et al. The effect of four different types of food on the bioavailability of cefaclor. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 28, 185–190 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03190484
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03190484