References
Mathiesen LR, King P, Nileson JD, Parcell RH, Wong D, Ranek L: Hepatitis type A, type B, and non A and non B fulminant hepatitis. Gut 21: 72–77, 1980
Rakela J, Redeker A, Edward SV, Decker R, Overby L, Moslley J: Hepatitis A virus infection in fulminant hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis. Gastroenterology 74: 879–872, 1978
Suh DS, White Y, Eddleston ALWF, Amini S, Tsiquaye K, Zuckerman AJ, Williams Roger: Specificity of an immune precipitin test for non A non B hepatitis. Lancet i: 178–180, 1981
Woolf I, El Sheikh N, Cullens H, Lee WM, Eddleston ALWF, Williams Roger, Zuckerman AJ: Enhanced production in pathogenesis of fulminant viral hepatitis type B. British Medical Journal ii: 669–671, 1976
Alberti A, Diana S, Eddleston ALWF, Williams R: Changes in hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase in relation to the outcome of acute hepatitis type B. Gut 20: 190–195, 1979
McKinnon GE, Andrews EC, Heptinstall RA, Gerwent PG: An immunohistological study on the occurrence of intravascular antigen antibody precipitation and its role in anaphyllaxis in the rabbit. Bull J Hopkins Hosp 101: 258–280, 1957
Sabesin SM: Electron microscopy of hypersensitivity reactions: allergic hepatic necrosis. Am J Path 42 (6): 743–752, 1963
Mori Wataru, Sturga Surgi, Kata Ayako: Extensive hepatic necrosis produced by the Schwartzmane reaction. Virchov Arch A Path Anat & Histol 382: 179–189, 1979
Horney JT, Galambros JT: The liver during and after HF. Gastroenterology 73: 639–645, 1977
Vergani D, Mieli-Vergani G, Alberti A, Neuberger J, Eddleston ALWF, Davis M, Williams R: Antibodies to the surface of hatothane altered rabbit hepatocytes in patients with severe hatothane associated hepatitis. NEJM 303: 66–71, 1980
Khurroo MS, Teli MR, Skidmore S, Sofi MA, Khuroo MI: Incidence and severity of viral hepatitis in pregnancy. Am J Med 70: 252–255, 1981
Trey C, Davidson CS: The management of fulminant hepatic liver failure. In progress in Liver Diseases (Ed). Popper H, Schaffer E. Volume 3, pp 282–298. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1970
Benhammou J-P, B Rueff A: Acute hepatic necrosis & HF. Gut 14: 805–815, 1873
Baggenstoss AH, Soloway RD, Summerskill WHJ, Elvebade LR: Chronic active liver disease. LV Schoenfield Human Pathol 3(2): 183–198, 1972
Hoyumpa AM, Desmond PV, Avant GR, Roberts RK, Schenker S: Hepatic encephalopathy. Gastroenterology 76: 189–195, 1979
Zieve L, Nichloff DM: Pathogenesis of hepatic coma. Annual Review of Medicine 26: 143–157, 1975
Zieve L, Doizaki WM, Zieve FJ: Synergism between mercaptans and ammonia or fatty acids in the production of coma: a possible role for mercaptans in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 83: 16–28, 1974
Record CO, Buxton B, Chase RA, Curzon G, Murray-Lyon I, Williams R: Plasma and brain aminoacids in fulminant hepatic failure and their relationship to hepatic encephalopathy. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 6: 387, 1976
Kiely H, Skanes TL: Transport of L-tryptophan into slices of rat cerebral cortex. Journal of Neurochemistry l9: 2863, 1972
James JH, Zipara V, Jeppson B, Fisher JE: Hyperamonaemia, plasma aminoacid imbalance and blood brain aminoacid transport, a unified theory of portal systemic encephalopathy. Lancet 2: 722–724, 1979
Fisher JE, Baldessarini RJ: Pathogenesis and therapy of hepatic coma. In progress in Liver Disease, Volume 5 (Ed) Popper H, Schaffner F. pp 363–397. New York: Grune and Stratton, 1976
Rosen HM, Yoshimura N, Jodgman JM, Fisher JE: Plasma aminoacid patterns in hepatic encephalopathy of differing aetiology. Gastroenterology 72: 483–487, 1977
Partridge WA, Oldendorf WH: Kinetic analysis of blood brain barrier transport of aminoacids. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta 401: 128, 1973
Bloch P, Delorme ML, Rapin JR, Boschat M, Opolon P: Reversible modifications of brain neurotransmitters in experimental acute hepatic coma. Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology 146: 551–558, 1978
Wilkinson SP, Moodie H, Arroyo VA, Williams R: Frequency of renal impairment in paracetamol overdose compared with other causes of acute liver damage. Journal of Clinical Pathology 30: 141–145, 1977
Wilkinson SP, Arroyo VA, Moodie H, Blendis LM, Williams R: Abnormalities of sodium excretion and other disorders of renal function in fulminant hepatic failure. Gut 17: 501–505, 1976
Cavanagh D, Rao PS, Sutton DMC, Bhagat BD, Bacjmann F: The pathophysiology of endotoxin shock in the primate. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 108: 705–722, 1970
Iles RA, Cohen RD, Williams R: Acid base and metabolic disturbances in FHF Record Co
Weston MJ, Talbot IC, Howarth PJH, Mant AK, Capildeo R, Williams R: Frequency of arrythmias and other cardiac abnormalities in fulminant hepatic failure. British Heart Journal 38: 1179–1182, 1976
H2 receptor antagonists and antacids in the prevention of acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage in fulminant hepatic failure
Gazzard BG, Weston MJ, Murray-Lyon IM: Experience at King’s College Hospital with charcoal haemoperfusion: overall results in 37 patients. In Artificial Liver Support (Ed) Williams R, Murray-Lyon IM. pp 234–241, London: Pitman Medical, 1975
Wyke RJ, Canalese JC, Gimson AES, Williams R: Bacteraemia in patients with FHF. Liver International (In press)
Wyke RJ, Rajkovic IA, Eddleston ALWF, Williams R: Defective opsonisation and compliment deficiency in serum from patients with FHF. Gut 21: 643–649, 1980
Rubin MH, Weston MJ, Bullock G, Rogers J, Langley PG, White YS, Williams R: Abnormal platelet function and ultrastucture in fulminant hepatic failure. QJ Med l85: 339–352, 1977
Langley PG, Hughes RD, Williams R: Platelet adhesiveness in liver disease. Acta Haematologica (In press)
Rake MD, Parnell G, Glute PT, Williams R: Intravascular coagulation in acute hepatic necrosis. Lancet 1: 533–537, 1970
Gimson AES, Langley PG, Hughes RD, Canalese J, Mellon PJ, Williams R, Woods HF, Weston MJ: PGI2 to prevent platelet activation during charcoal haemoperfusion. Lancet 1: 173–175, 1980
Salzmann EW, Rosenberg RD, Smith M, Lindon JN, Parreau L: Effect of heparin and heparin fractions on platelet aggregation. J Clin Invest 65: 64–78, 1980
Dusting G, Moncada S, Vane JR: Prostaglandis, their intermediates and precursors: cardiovascular and regulatory roles in normal and abnormal circulation. Progr Cardiovasc Dis 21: 4–5, 1979
Langley PG, Hughes RD, Ton HY, Silk DBA, Williams R: The use of PGI2 in the prevention of adverse platelet reactions during charcoal haemoperfusion. Int J Art Org 2: 207–210, 1979
Weston MJ, Gazzard BG, Buxton BH, Winch J, Flax H, Machado I, Williams R: Effects of haemoperfusion through charcoal of XAD-7 resin on an animal model of fulminant hepatic failure. Gut 15: 482–486, 1974
De Groote GH, Solko W, Schalm MD, Schicht I: Comparison of large pore membrane haemodialysis and cross dialysis in acute hepatic insufficiency in pigs. (In press)
Chirito E, Chester TMS: Biochemistry, haematology and histological changes in a FHF rat model for artificial liver support assessment. Artif Org 3(1): 42–46, 1979
Blitzer BL, Waggoner JG, Jones EA, Gralnick HR, Towne D, Butler J, Weise V, Kopil J, Wattes I, Peychennes PF, Goodman D, Berk PD: A model of FHF in the rabbit. Gastroenterology 74: 664–671, 1978
Tabara Y, Chang TMS: Comparison of 6 ALS regimes in FHF rats. Trans Am Soc Artif 1st Org Vol XXVI394–398, 1980
Ukikusa M, Ozawa K, Shimahara Y, Sawanishu K, Tobe T: Effect of cross circulation, charcoal haemoperfusion on adenylate energy charge of remnant liver after major hepatic resection. Artif Org 5(1): 67–71, 1981
Hughes RD, Ton HY, Langley PG, Davis M, Hanid MA, Mellon PS, Silk DBA, Williams R: Albumin coated Amberlite XAD resin for haemoperfusion in acute liver failure. Part II: in vivo evaluation. Artif Org 3: 23–26, 1979
Piskin K, Chang TMS: A new combined enzyme charcoal system formed by enzyme adsorption on charcoal followed by polymer coating. Int J Art Org 3(6): 344–347, 1980
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The work reported represents part of an ongoing programme of research into FHF and artificial liver support funded by the Medical Research Council of Great Britain. We are also indebted to Wellcome Research Laboratories, Smith and Nephew Ltd., National Research Development corporation and Immuno Ltd., for their contributions to various studies.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gimson, A.E.S., Ede, R., Braude, S. et al. Fulminant hepatic failure and artificial liver support. Gastroenterol Jpn 17, 144–162 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02774553
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02774553