Abstract
It is well known that within the family of the rare earth elements (especially the “trivalent” ones) several properties change according to well-recognized and systematic patterns. A general consideration of the constitutional properties (thermodynamic properties, crystal structures, and phase diagrams) of alloys formed by the various rare earths enables a number of empirical regularities to be deduced. This behavior can constitute a prediction scheme and a reliability criterion in the evaluation of the data concerning series of various rare earth alloys with the same element. Examples of the application of this behavior to phase diagram assessment and prediction are mentioned. Special attention is given to the binary rare earth alloys formed with magnesium and aluminum. The predicted versions of the Tb-Mg and Tb-Al phase diagrams are presented at the end.
Similar content being viewed by others
Cited References
O.J.C. Runnalls and R.R. Boucher, “Phase Equilibria in Alumi- num-Rich Alloys of Aluminum-Gadolinium and Aluminum-Ter-bium, ”J. Less-Common Met.,13,431–439 (1967).
KA. Gschneidner, Jr, “On the Interrelationships of the Physical Properties of Lanthanide Compounds: the Melting Point, Heat of For- mation and Lattice Parameter(s), ”J. Less-Common Met.,17, 1–12 (1969).
K.A. Gschneidner, Jr. and O.D. McMasters, “Systematik der Seltenerdmetall-Blei Legierungen, ”Monatsch. Chem.,102,1499- 1515(1971)in German.
G. Kiessler, E. Gebhardt, and S. Steeb, “The Silver-Gadolinium System, ”J. Less-Common Met.,26, 293–298 (1972) in German.
G.V. Raynor, “The Melting Points and Compositions of Sigma Phases”J.Less-Common Met.,29,333–336(1972).
L. Kaufman and H. Nesor, “Theoretical Approaches to the De- termination of Phase Diagrams, ” R. Huggins, Ed.,Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci.,3,1–15(1973).
AR. Miedema, “The Electronegativity Parameter for Transition Metals: Heat of Formation and Charge Transfer in Alloys, ”J. Less- Common Met.,32,117–136(1973).
G.V. Raynor, “A Study of Intermediate Phases Crystallizing in the MoSi2 Structure,”J.Less-Common Met.,37,247–255(1974).
A. Borsese, G. Borzone, R. Ferro, and S. Delfino, “Heats of For- mation of Dysprosium-Bismuth Alloys,”J. Less-Common Met.,55, 115–120(1977).
H.L. Lukas, E.Th. Henig, and B. Zimmermann, “Optimization of Phase Diagrams by a Least Squares Method Using Simultaneously Different Types of Data,”Calphad,1,225–236(1977).
I. Ansara, C. Bernard, L. Kaufman, and P. Spencer, “A Compari- son of Calculated Phase Equilibria in Selected Ternary Alloy Systems Using Thermodynamic Values Derived from Different Models,”Cal-phad,2,1–15(1978).
R. Ferro and S. Delfino, “Comments on the Properties of Ag- Rich Alloys in the Silver-Rare Earth Systems,”J.Less-Common Met.,68, P23-P29(1979).
S.P. Yatsenko, A.A. Semiannikov, B.G. Semenov, and K.A. Chuntonov, “Phase Diagrams of Rare Earth Metals with Gallium,”J. Less-Common Met.,64,185–199 (1979).
G. Borzone, A. Borsese, and R. Ferro, “Heats of Formation of Gadolinium-Bismuth Alloys,”J. Less-Common Met.,41, 175–180 (1980).
E.M. Savitskii, V.B. Gribulya, and N.N. Kiselyova, “On the Ap- plication of Cybernetic Prediction Systems in the Search for New Magnetic Materials,”J. Less-Common Met.,72,307–315 (1980).
K.A. Gschneidner,Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, “Use of Sys- tematics for the Evaluation of Rare-Earth Phase Diagrams and Crystallographic Data,”Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 4, 129–131 (1983).
A.D. Pelton, “Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Ther- modynamics,”Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem.,87,183–188(1983).
S.P. Yatsenko, A.A. Semyannikov, H.O. Shakarov, and E.G. Fe- dorova, “Phase Diagrams of Binary Rare Earth Metal-Indium Systems,”J. Less-Common Met.,90, 95–108 (1983).
C. Clinet, A. Pasturel, A. Percheron-Guegan, and J.C. Achard, “Experimental and Calculated Enthalpies of Formation of Rare Earth-Tin Alloys,”J.Less-Common Met.,102,167–177(1984).
C. Colinet, A. Pasturel, A. Percheron-Guegan, and J.C. Achard, “Enthalpies of Formation of Liquid and Solid Binary Alloys of Lead, Antimony and Bismuth with Rare Earth Elements,”J. Less-Common Met.,102,239–249(1984).
S. Delfino, A. Saccone, and R. Ferro, “Alloy Behavior of Indium with Rare Earths,”J. Less-Common Met.,102,289–310 (1984).
D.G. Pettifor, “Phenomenological and Microscopic Theories of Structural Stability,”J.Less-Common Met.,114,7–15(1985).
G. Borzone, A. Borsese, S. Delfino, and R. Ferro, “Antimony Compounds of the Rare Earths: Heats of Formation of the Sm-Sb Al- loys,”Z. Metallkd.,76,208–213(1985).
C. Colinet, A. Pasturel, and K.H. J. Buschow, “Molar Enthalpies of Formation of LnAl2 Compounds,”J. Chem. Thermodyn.,17,1133- 1139(1985).
D.G. Pettifor, “A Chemical Scale for Crystal-Structure Maps,”SolidState Commun.,51,31–34(1985).
B. Sundman, B. Jansson, and J.-O. Ogren, “The Thermo Calc Databank System,”Calphad, 9,153–190 (1985).
P. Manfrinetti and K.A. Gschneidner, Jr., “Phase Equilibrium in the La-Mg (0-65 at.% Mg) and Gd-Mg Systems,”J. Less-Common Met.,123,267–275 (1986).
G. Borzone, G. Cacciamani, R. Ferro, J. Charles, and J. Hertz, “A Contribution to the Study of the Alloying Behavior of the Rare Earths with Zinc,”J. Less-Common Met.,128,297–392 (1987).
F. Sommer and M. Keita, “Determination of the Enthalpies of Formation of Intennetallic Compounds of Aluminium with Cerium, Erbium and Gadolinium,”J. Less-Common Met.,136,95–99 (1987).
P. Villars and F. Hulliger, “Structural-Stability Domains for Sin- gle-Coordination Intermetallic Phases,”J. Less-Common Met.,132, 289–315(1987).
F.R. de Boer, R. Boom, W.C.M. Mattens, A.R. Miedema, and AK. Niessen, “Cohesion in Metals—Transition Metal Alloys,”Co-hesion and Structure, Voll 1, F.R.de Boer and D.G.Pettifor,Ed.,North Holland, New York(1988).
R. Ferro, G. Borzone, and G. Cacciamani, “On the Thermochem- istry of the Rare Earth Antimonides. The Dy-Sb System,”Thermo- chim Acta, 129,99–113 (1988).
K.A. Gschneidner,Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, “TheAl-RE(Alu- minum-Rare Earth) Systems,”Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 9,658- 668(1988).
K.A. Gschneidner,Jr. and F.W. Calderwood, “The Al-Tb (Alu- minum-Terbium) System,”Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 10, 40–42 (1988).
A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, “The Ce-Mg (Cerium- Magnesium) System,”Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 9, 162–172 (1988).
A.A. Nayeb-Hashemi and J.B. Clark, “The La-Mg (Lantha- num-Magnesium) System,”Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams, 9,172–178 (1988).
A. Saccone, S. Delfino, and R. Ferro, “Rare Earth Alloying Sys- tematics: Thallium Alloys, a Review,”J. Less-Common Met.,143,1- 23(1988).
F. Sommer, M. Keita, H.G. Krull, and B. Predel, “Thermody- namic Investigation of Al-La Alloys,”J. Less-Common Met.,137, 267–275(1988).
G. Zanicchi, V. Contardi, R. Marazza, D. Mazzone, and R. Ferro,“On Some Lanthanide and Pseudolanthanide Alloys,”J. Less-Com- mon Met ,142,L31-L36 (1988).
A. Saccone, S. Delfino, G. Borzone, and R. Ferro, “The Samarium-Magnesium System: a Phase Diagram,”J. Less-Common Met, 154,47–60(1989).
G. Borzone, G. Cacciamani, and R. Ferro, “Systematics of Rare Earth-Palladium Alloys: Revision of a Few Systems and Forecast of the Tb-PdPhase Diagram,”Calphad, 14,139–149 (1990).
G. Cacciamani, G. Borzone, and R. Ferro, “Rare Earth-Alumi- num Alloys: Optimization of Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Diagram of the Ce-Al System,”Anales de Fisica, B86, 160–162 (1990).
S. Delfino, A. Saccone, and R. Ferro, “Phase Relationships in the Neodymium-Magnesium Alloy System,”Metall. Trans. A, 21,2109- 2114(1990).
A. Saccone, S. Delfino, and R. Ferro, “Chemical Criteria for Equilibria Forecast: Promethium Alloying Behavior as an Example,”Calphad,14,151–161 (1990).
T.B. Massalski, P.R. Subramanian, H. Okamoto, and L. Kacpr- zak,Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed., Vol. 1,2, and 3, ASM In- ternational, Materials Park, OH (1990).
G. Borzone, G. Cacciamani, and R. Ferro, “On the Thermochemistry of the Aluminum-Cerium Alloys,”Metall. Trans. A, 22, 2119–2123(1991).
W.-G. Jung, O.J. Kkppa, and L. Topor, “Standard Molar Enthal- pies of Formation of PdAl, PtAl, ScAl1.78, YAl2 and LaAl2,”J. Alloys and Compounds,176,309–318 (1991).
A. Saccone, S. Delfino, D. Macciò, and R. Ferro, “A Contribution to the Magnesium Intermetallic Chemistry: Dysprosium-Magnesium System,”Z. Metallkd.,82,568–573 (1991).
A. Saccone, S. Delfino, D. Macciò, and R. Ferro, “Phase Equili- bria in the Binary Rare-Earth Alloys: the Erbium-Magnesium Sys- tern,”Metall. Trans.A,23,1005–1011 (1992).
G. Borzone, N. Parodi, and R. Ferro, “Contribution to the Ther- mochemistry of the Rare Earth Pnictides: the Sm-Bi System,” submit- ted,J. Phase Equilibria (1993).
A. Saccone, A.M. Cardinale, S. Delfino, and R. Ferro, “A Con- tribution to the Rare Earth Intennetallic Chemistry: Praseodymium-Magnesium Alloy System,” submitted,Intermetallics (1993).
A. Saccone, S. Delfino, D. Macciò, and R. Ferro, “Magnesium- Rare Earth Phase Diagrams: Experimental Investigation of the Ho-Mg System,”J. Phase Equilibria, 14(3), 280–287(1993).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
The paper was presented at the International Phase Diagram Prediction Symposium sponsored by the ASM/MSD Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria Committee at Materials Week, October 21–23,1991, in Cincinnati, OH. The symposium was organized by John Morral, University of Connecticut, and Philip Nash, Illinois Institute of Technology.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ferro, Delfino, S., Borzone, G. et al. Contribution to the evaluation of rare earth alloy systems. JPE 14, 273–279 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02668224
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02668224