Summary
Cell culture is a valuable method of evaluating the biocompatibility of new dental materials. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro biocompatibility of an experimental fluoride composite resin with fluoride and non-fluoride-releasing materials currently available. The dental materials tested were: MQ Silicate (silicate cement), KETAC-CEM and FUJI (type II glass ionomer cements), VISIO DISPERS (a light-cured, nonfluoridated, microfilled composite resin), and FR-17 (an experimental fluoride-releasing composite resin). The Smulow-Glickman (S-G) human, gingival epithelial cell line, which exhibits semidifferentiated characteristics, was used in the study as a test system. Biocompatibility was quantified by counting the viable cells per unit area remaining after 24 and 48 h at two radial distances from cured specimens immersed in the cell culture medium. The test materials were observed to be most toxic to cells nearest the materials. A Time-Distance Cytotoxicity Index (TDCI) was calculated to relate the percentage of dead cells to viable cells at each diffusion distance for each exposure time compared to a nontoxic control. The relative toxicity ranking of the materials tested based on the TDCI was VISIO DISPERS (91%), FUJI (82%), FR-17 (30%), MQ Silicate (23%), and KETAC-CEM (10%), which exhibited the least toxicity. The cytotoxicity of the experimental resin FR-17 was within the range of cytotoxicity of currently accepted restorative materials.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American National Standards Institute/American Dental Association. Document no. 41 for recommended standard practices for biological evaluation of dental materials. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 99:697–698; 1979.
Autian, J. Toxicological evaluation of biomaterials: primary acute toxicity screening program. Artif. Organs (Cleve) 1:53–60; 1977.
Fletcher, R. D.; Shoemaker, R.; Albertson, J. N., Jr. Desmosomes observed in a gingival cell line. J. Dent. Res. 56:1106; 1977.
Jacobsen, N.; Goldhaber, P. Bone resorption induced by epithelial and connective tissue from human gingivain vitro. J. Dent. Res. 51:1682; 1972.
Jacobsen, N.; Goldhaber, P. Bone resorptionin vitro induced by products of human gingival cells in culture. J. Periodont. Res. 8:171–178; 1973.
Johnson, H. J.; Northup, S. J.; Seagraves, P. A., et al. Biocompatibility test procedures for materials evaluationin vitro. 1. Comparative test system sensitivity. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 17:571–586; 1983.
Kasten, F. H.; Felder, S. M.; Gettleman, L., et al. A model culture system with human gingival fibrobalsts for evaluating the cytotoxicity of dental materials. In Vitro 18:650–659; 1982.
Kawahara, H.; Imanishi, Y.; Tomioka, K. Dental application of a glass ionimer cement. Dent. Outlook 50:623–634; 1977
Langeland, K. Correlation of screening tests to usage tests. J. Endod. 4:300–303; 1978.
Meryon, S. D.; Browne, R. M. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of four dental materialsin vitro assessed by cell viability and enzyme cytochemistry. J. Oral Rehabil. 10:363–372; 1983.
Mjör, I. A.; Hensten-Pettersen, A.; Skogedal, O. Biologic evaluation of filling materials. A comparison of results using cell culture techniques, implantation tests and pulp studies. Int. Dent. J. 27:124–129; 1977.
Neter, J.; Wasserman, W. Applied linear statistical models: regression, analysis of variance and experimental designs. Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, Inc.; 1974.
Rawls, H. R. Fluoride-releasing acrylics. J. Biomater. Applic. 1:382–405; 1987.
Rawls, H. R.; Zimmerman, B. F. Fluoride-exchanging resins for caries protection. Caries Res. 17:32–43; 1983.
Rawls, H. R.; Zimmerman, B. F. Fluoride interpolymeric resin. U. S. Patent 4,572,920; 1986.
Smith, D. C.; Peltoniemi, A. Release and enamel retention of fluoride from tooth coatings and other dental materials. Biocompatibility of dental materials. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc. 1:187–211; 1982.
Smulow, J.; Glickman, I. An epithelial-like cell line in continuous culture from normal adult human gingiva. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 121:1294–1296; 1966.
Spangberg, L. S. W. Correlation ofin vivo andin vitro, screening tests. J. Endod. 4:296–299; 1978.
Turpin-Mair, J. S.; Rawls, H. R.; Christensen, L. V. Anin vitro study of caries prevention, cavity adaptation, homogeneity and microleakage of a new fluoride-releasing resin. J. Oral Rehabil. 9:523–530; 1982.
Wennberg, A.; Mjör, I. A.; Hensten-Pettersen, A. Biological evaluation of dental restorative materials—a comparison of different test methods. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 17:23–36; 1983.
Zimmerman, B. F.; Rawls, H. R.; Querens, A. E. Prevention ofin vitro secondary caries with an experimental fluoride-exchanging restorative resin. J. Dent. Res. 63:689–692; 1984
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
this study was supported in part by grant R01-DE04749 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, to H. R. R., and by grant no. S07-RR05704-13 from the Biomedical Research Grant Program, Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, awarded to the Louisiana State University School of Dentistry.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kasten, F.H., Pineda, L.F.R., Schneider, P.E. et al. Biocompatibility testing of an experimental fluoride releasing resin using human gingival epithelial cells in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 25, 57–62 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02624411
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02624411