Summary
Electrophoretic analysis of isozymal differences was performed with extracts of wild carrot (Daucus carota L.) cells, grown in the presence and absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). There were no differences in the patterns of malate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transferase. Quantitative differences in peroxidase isozymes were detected, the plus 2,4-D cultures having lower activities. Esterase patterns were similar, but there were differences in individual isozyme activities and an additional form present in the minus 2,4-D cells. the greatest differences were in patterns of glutamate dehydrogenase with the minus 2,4-D cultures containing only the slowly migrating isozymes. The changes in glutamate dehydrogenase, as revealed by isozyme changes, together with the requirement for ammonia in embryogenesis, suggests that this enzyme may be associated with differentiation in wild carrot cells.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Back-Hüsemann, D., and J. Reinert. 1970. Embryobildung durch isolierte Einzelzellen aus Gewebekulturen vonDaucus carota. Protoplasma 70:49–60.
Beevers, L., D. M. Peterson, J. C. Shannon, and R. H. Hagemann. 1963. Comparative effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on nitrate metabolism in corn and cucumber. Plant Physiol. 38:675–679.
Brewer, G. J.. 1970.Introduction to Isozyme Techniques. Academic Press, New York.
Caldas, R. 1971. Purification and characterization of glutamine synthetase from suspension culture of wild carrot (Daucus carota L.). Ph.D. Thesis. The Ohio State University.
Chou, K., and W. E. Splittstoesser. 1972. Glutamate dehydrogenase from pumpkin cotyledons. Characterization and isoenzymes. Plant Physiol. 49:550–554.
Davis, B. J.. 1964. Disc electrophoresis. II. Method and application to human serum proteins. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 121:404–427.
Halperin, W.. 1966. Alternate morphogenetic events in cell suspensions. Am. J. Bot. 53:443–453.
Halperin, W., and W. A. Jensen. 1957. Ultrastructural changes during growth and embryogenesis in carrot cell cultures. J. Ultrastructr. Res. 18:428–443.
Halperin, W., and D. F. Wetherell. 1964. Adventive embryony in tissue cultures of the wild carrot,Daucus carota. Am. J. Bot.51:274–283.
Itzhaki, R. F., and D. M. Gill. 1964. A microbiuret method for estimating proteins. Anal. Biochem. 9:401–410.
Kanamori, T., S. Konishi, and E. Takahashi. 1972. Inducible formation of glutamate dehydrogenase in rice plant roots by the addition of ammonia to the media, Physiol. Plant. 26:1–6.
Lee, D. W., and D. K. Dougall. 1972. Visualization of glutamine synthetase and α-glutaminyl transferase in polyacrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 47:313–315.
Loeming, U. E.. 1967. The fractionation of high-molecular-weight ribonucleic acid by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Biochem. J. electrophoresis. Biochem. J. 102:251–257.
Mahler, H. R., and E. H. Cordes. 1966.Biological Chemistry. Harper & Row, New York 872 p.
Meins, F. Jr.. 1971. Regulation of phenotypic expression in crown-gall teratoma tissues of tobacco. Develop. Biol. 24:287–300.
Ockerse, R., B. Z. Siegal, and A. W. Galston. 1966. Hormone-induced repression of a peroxidase isozyme in plant tissue. Science 151:452–453.
Pahlich, E., and K. W. Joy. 1971. Glutamate dehydrogenase from pea roots: purification and properties of the enzyme. Can. J. Biochem. 49:127–138.
Scandalios, J.. 1969. Genetic control of multiple electrophoretic forms of enzymes in plants: a review. Biochem. Genet. 3:37–79.
Stewart, C. R., and H. Beevers. 1967. Gluconeogenesis from amino acids in germinating castor bean endosperm and its role in transport to the embryo. Plant Physiol. 42:1587–1595.
Tazawa, M., and J. Reinert. 1969. Extracellular and intracellular chemical environments in relation to embryogenesisin vitro. Protoplasma 68:157–173.
Thurman, D. A., C. Palin, and M. V. Laycock. 1965. Isoenzymatic nature of L-glutamic dehydrogenase of higher plants. Nature (London) 207:193–194.
Verma, D. P. S., and R. B. Van Huystee. 1970. Relationship between peroxidase, catalase, and protein synthesis during cellular development in cell cultures of peanut. Can. J. Biochem. 48:444–449.
Yue, S. B.. 1969. Isoenzymes of glutamate dehydrogenase in plants. Plant Physiol. 44:453–457.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, D.W., Dougall, D.K. Electrophoretic variation in glutamate dehydrogenase and other isozymes in wild carrot cells cultured in the presence and absence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. In Vitro 8, 347–352 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02619059
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02619059