Summary
The trace-level determination of organic pollutants in complex matrices is difficult and often not reliable because theccurrent extraction procedures are non-selective. New extraction sorbents involving antigen-antibody interactions, called immunosorbents (ISs), have been synthesised in order to trap a group of structurally related pollutants. The IS capacity is always high for the analyte-antigen used to make the antibodies, but can be low for some related compounds. In this work, we show the relationship that exists between capacity, break-through volume and recovery of analytes because of the competition between the structurally related compounds for antibody sites. Breakthrough due to the overloading of the column should be avoided because calibration curves are no longer linear. The capacity of two ISs, one made for trapping the triazine pesticide group and the second for the phenylurea, group, have been optimised by selecting silica with 50 nm pore size. Calibration curves are linear for all the compounds in a mixture of ten phenylureas up to a concentration of 5 to 10 μg L−1 for each compound when handling 50 mL water samples through a precolumn packed with 0.22 g of IS. Under these conditions, reliable quantitative results are obtained because calibration curves are similar when compounds are alone or in a mixture. Application to the clean-up of soil extracts illustrates the high selectivity and the high potential of these new sorbents in environmental analysis.
Similar content being viewed by others
Reference
G. S. Rule, A. V. Morderhal, J. Henion, Anal. Chem.66, 230 (1994).
S. J. Shahtaheri, M. F. Katmeth, P. Kwasowski, D. Stevenson, J. Chromatogr. A697, 131 (1995).
A. Marx, T. Giersch, B. Hock, Analytical Letters,28, 267 (1995).
D. H. Thomas, M. Beck-Westermeyer, D. S. Hage, Anal. Chem.66, 3823 (1994).
D. S. Hage, J. G. Rollag, D. Hage, preprint of papers of the 211th ACS National Meeting, New Orleans, March 24–28, 1996, p. 101.
V. Pichon, L. Chen, M.-C. Hennion, R. Daniel, A. Martel, F. Le Goffic, J. Abian, D. Barcelo, Anal. Chem.67, 2451 (1995).
V. Pichon, L. Chen, M.-C. Hennion, Anal. Chim. Acta,311, 429 (1995).
V. Pichon, L. Chen, N. Durand, F. Le Goffic, M.-C. Hennion, J. Chromatogr. A725, 107 (1996).
J. F. Lawrence, C. Menard, M.-C. Hennion, V. Pichon, F. Le Goffic, N. Durand, J. Chromatogr. A732, 277 (1996).
J. F. Lawrence, C. Menard, M.-C. Hennion, V. Pichon, F. Le Goffic, N. Durand, J. Chromatogr. A, in press.
M. W. F. Nielen, R. W. Frei, U. A. Th. Brinkman, in “Selective Sample Handling and Detection in High Performance Liquid Chromatography”, R. W. Frei, K. Zeich, eds Elsevier, Vol. 39, Amsterdam, 1988, p. 5.
M.-C. Hennion, P. Scribe, in “Environmental Analysis: Techniques, Applications and Quality Assurance”, D. Barcelo, ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1993, p. 24.
P. Subra, M.-C. Hennion, R. Rosset, R. W. Frei J. Chromatogr. 456, 121 (1988).
V. Pichon, M.-C. Hennion, J. Chromatogr.665, 269 (1994).
G. Durand, D. Barcelo, Toxicol. Environm. Chem.36, 225 (1992).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pichon, V., Rogniaux, H., Fischer-Durand, N. et al. Characteristics of immunosorbents used as a new approach to selective solid-phase extraction in environmental analysis. Chromatographia 45, 289–295 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02505573
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02505573