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Hepatitis C virus infection in individuals with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection

Hepatitis C Virus Infektionen bei HIV-1 Infizierten und nicht mit HIV-Inifizierten

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Summary

Serum specimens from 111 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected and 183 HIV-1 seronegative patients were analysed for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay. Anti-HCV and anti-HBV antibodies were found in the vast majority (89 and 83%, respectively) of intravenous drug addicts (IVDA), independent of the type of drug abuse or whether the patients were HIV-1 infected or not. Anti-HAV antibodies were found in 60% of the IVDA. Anti-HCV antibodies were found in anti-HIV-1 positive homosexual men (14%) and anti-HIV-1 negative heterosexual persons (8%), but not in HIV-1 seronegative homosexual men. Also anti-HAV antibodies were found to a small extent in these groups. In contrast, anti-HBV antibodies were common in the homosexual men. The absorbance values of the positive reactions in the anti-HCV ELISA were lower for HIV-1 seropositive patients than those for HIV-1 seronegative subjects, particularly in the late stages of HIV-1 infection. These data suggest that HCV infection is transmitted as readily as HBV infection by intravenous drug abuse and that all three types of hepatitis virus infection are common in IVDA. Although transmission of HCV is primarily mediated by blood, sexual transmission may also occur. HIV-1 infection seems to be associated with unusually low levels of anti-HCV antibodies, especially in the late stages of HIV-1 infection.

Zusammenfassung

Serumproben von 111 mit dem menschlichen Immunschwächevirus Typ 1 (HIV-1) Infizierten und von 183 HIV-1 seronegativen Patienten wurden auf Antikörper gegen das Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) und Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) mittels enzymgebundenem Immunassay (ELISA) oder Radioimmunassay untersucht. Bei der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der i. v. Drogenabhängigen fanden sich Antikörper gegen HCV (89%) und HBV (83%). Dabei fand sich keine Korrelation zur Art der Droge oder HIV-Infektion. 60% der i. v. Drogenabhängigen hatten auch HAV-Antikörper. Unter den anti-HIV-1 positiven Männern wiesen 14% Antikörper gegen HCV auf. Anti-HIV negative heterosexuelle Personen waren zu 8% anti-HCV positiv. Unter den HIV-1 seronegativen homosexuellen Männern fanden sich in keinem Fall Antikörper gegen HCV. Ein kleiner Anteil der Personen dieser Gruppen wies auch Antikörper gegen HAV auf. Anti-HBV Antikörper fanden sich häufig bei homosexuellen Männern, wobei keine Abhängigkeit vom HIV-Serumstatus bestand. Bei HIV-1 seropositiven Patienten, und zwar besonders ausgeprägt im Spätstadium der HIV-Infektionen, waren die Absorptionswerte bei positivem anti-HCV ELISA niedriger als bei HIV-1 seronegativen Personen. Daraus läßt sich schließen, daß die HCV-Infektion wie die HBV-Infektion durch intravenösen Drogenmißbrauch übertragen wird und daß alle drei Typen der Virushepatitis bei i. v. Drogenabhängigen häufig sind. Obwohl die HCV-Übertragung hauptsächlich durch Blut erfolgt, ist eine sexuelle Übertragung ebenfalls möglich. Bei HIV-1 Infizierten sind die anti-HCV Antikörperspiegel ungewöhnlich niedrig, vor allem in den Spätstadien der Infektion.

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Sönnerborg, A., Abebe, A. & Strannegård, Ö. Hepatitis C virus infection in individuals with or without human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Infection 18, 347–351 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01646402

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