Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The family of mouse phosphoglycerate kinase genes and pseudogenes

  • Published:
Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics

Abstract

The mammalian genome contains two genes encodingphosphoglycerate kinase; the pgk-1gene is X-linked and is expressed in all cells except sperm, while the pgk-2gene is expressed exclusively in sperm cells. The mouse genome contains no pseudogenes derived from pgk-2.On the other hand, the genomes of Balb/c and C3H/He strain mice contain six other regions with sequences homologous to those of pgk-1cDNA. These pgk-related sequences are likely derived from the pgk-1gene by retroposition because all are located on autosomal chromosomes and because none appear to be interrupted by introns. Two of the presumed pseudogenes contain sequences homologous to all regions of the pgk-1cDNA while the other four genomic regions were truncated at the 5′, 3′, or both ends. One of the truncated pseudogenes was sequenced. Its pgk-related sequence was not flanked by direct repeats, suggesting that loss of the 5′ and/or 3′ ends of this retrogene may have occurred following its integration into the genome. Our evidence suggests that pgk-1-derived retroposons arose initially more than 100 million years ago and have continued to arise until so recently that some are unique to different mouse strains.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature cited

  1. Vanin, E.F. (1985).Annu. Rev. Genet. 19:253–272.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Rogers, J.H. (1985).Int. Rev. Cytol. 93:187–279.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Weiner, A.M., Deininger, P.L., and Efstratiadis, A. (1986).Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55:631–661.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Boer, P.H., Adra, C.N., Lau, Y.F., and McBurney, M.W. (1987).Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:3107–3112.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. McCarrey, J.R., and Thomas, K. (1987).Nature 326:501–505.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. VandeBerg, J.L. (1985).Isozymes: Curr. Top. Biol. Med. Res. 12:133–187.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Blin, N., and Stafford, D.W. (1976).Nucleic Acids Res. 3:2303–2308.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Birnboim, H.C., and Doly, J. (1979).Nucleic Acids Res. 7:1513–1523.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., and Sambrook, J. (1982).Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Karn, J., Brenner, S., Barnett, L., and Cesareni, G. (1980).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:5172–5176.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Frischauf, A.-M., Lehrach, H., Poustka, A., and Murray, N. (1983).J. Mol. Biol. 170:827–842.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Kaiser, K., and Murray, N.E. (1985).DNA Cloning: A Practical Approach 1, Glover, D.M. (ed.) (IRL Press, Oxford, England), pp. 49–78.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hendrix, R.W., Roberts, J.W., Stahl, F., and Weisberg, R.A. (1983). Lambda II, (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Karn, J., Brenner, S., and Barnett, L. (1983).Methods Enzymol. 101:3–19.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hohn, B., and Collins, J. (1980).Gene 11:291–298.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Boyer, H.W., and Roulland-Dussoix, D. (1969).J. Mol. Biol. 41:459–472.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bolivar, F., and Backman, K. (1979).Methods Enzymol. 68:245–267.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Benton, W.D., and Davis, R.W. (1977).Science 196:180–182.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hanahan, D., and Meselson, M. (1980).Gene 10:63–67.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Melton, D.A., Krieg, P.A., Rebagliati, M.R., Maniatis, T., Zinn, K., and Green, M.R. (1984).Nucleic Acids Res. 12:7035–7055.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Rigby, P.W.J., Dieckmann, M., Rhodes, C., and Berg, P. (1977).J. Mol. Biol. 113:237–251.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Norrander, J., Kempe, T., and Messing, J. (1983).Gene 26:101–106.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Messing, J. (1983).Methods Enzymol. 101:20–78.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., and Coulson, A. (1977).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74:5463–5467.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Michelson, A.M., Markham, A.F., and Orkin, S.H. (1983).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:472–476.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Adra, C.N., Boer, P.H., and McBurney, M.W. (1988).Gene (in press).

  27. Mori, N., Singer-Sam, J., Lee, C.-Y., and Riggs, A.D. (1986).Gene 45:275–280.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Wilcox, F.H., and Taylor, B.A. (1981).J. Hered. 27:387–390.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Richards-Smith, B., and Elliott, R. (1984).Mouse News Lett. 71:46–47.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Gusella, J.F., Jones, C., Kao, F.T., Housman, D., and Puck, T.T. (1982).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79:7804–7808.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Michelson, A.M., Blake, C.C.F., Evans, S.T., and Orkin, S.H. (1985).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82:6965–6969.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Joyner, A.L., Kornberg, T., Coleman, K.G., Cox, D.R., and Martin, G.R., (1985).Cell 43:29–37.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Smiley, J.R., Steege, D.A., Juricek, O.K., Summers, W.P., and Ruddle, F.H. (1978).Cell 15:455–468.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Nishioka, Y., Leder, A., and Leder, P. (1980).Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:2806–2809.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Ullu, E., and Weiner, A.M. (1984).EMBO J. 3:3303–3310.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Denison, R.A., and Weiner, A.M. (1982).Mol. Cell Biol. 2:815–828.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Limbach, K.J., and Wu, R. (1985).Nucleic Acids Res. 13:617–630.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Michelson, A.M., Bruns, G.A.P., Morton, C.C., and Orkin, S.H. (1985).J. Biol. Chem. 260:6982–6992.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Willard, H.F., Goss, S.J., Holmes, M.T., and Munroe, D.L. (1985).Hum. Genet. 71:138–143.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Piechaczyk, M., Blanchard, J.M., Sabouty, S.R.E., Dani, C., Marty, L., and Jenateur, P. (1984).Nature 312:469–471.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Taylor, B.A. (1981). InGenetic Variants and Strains of the Laboratory Mouse, (ed.) Green, M.C. (G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart), pp. 397–407.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Paul, P.R., and Elliott, R.W. (1987).Biochem. Genet, (in press).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Medicine and Biology, University of Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Ottawa, Canada

    Chaker N. Adra & Michael W. McBurney

  2. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, Washington

    Nathan A. Ellis

Authors
  1. Chaker N. Adra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nathan A. Ellis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Michael W. McBurney
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Adra, C.N., Ellis, N.A. & McBurney, M.W. The family of mouse phosphoglycerate kinase genes and pseudogenes. Somat Cell Mol Genet 14, 69–81 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01535050

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01535050

Keywords

Search

Navigation