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Trace determination of chromium in various water types by adsorption differential pulse voltammetry

Spurenbestimmung von Chrom in verschiedenen Wassertypen durch Adsorptions-Differentialpuls-Voltammetrie

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Zusammenfassung

Eine neue voltammetrische Methode zur Spurenbestimmung von Chrom [als Summe von Cr(III) und Cr(VI)] in natürlichen Gewässern wurde entwickelt. Die Methode beruht auf einer Anreicherung des Cr(III)-DTPA-Komplexes durch Adsorption an der hängenden Queck-silbertropfenelektrode beim Potential −1.0 V. Der adsorbierte Komplex wird anschließend im differentiellen Pulsmodus reduziert und die Peakhöhe beim Peakpotential −1.22 V gemessen. Die katalytische Wirkung von Nitrat- und Bromationen auf die Cr(III)-DTPA-Reduktion wurde mit der cyclischen Voltammetrie geklärt. Die Adsorption der Cr-Komplexe wurde zusätzlich mit der a.c.-Voltammetrie (kapazitive Komponente) untersucht und der Potentialbereich der Adsorption ermittelt. Aufgrund der Untersuchungen wurden die optimalen Bedingungen zur Chrombestimmung im Konzentrationsbereich 20–2000 ng/l festgelegt. Die Bestimmungsgrenze liegt bei 20 ng/l und die relative Standardabweichung beträgt 5% für Konzentrationen ⩾200 ng/l. Die weite Anwendbarkeit der Methode für die zuverlässige und hochempfindliche Analyse von Chromspuren bis zu den natürlichen Ultraspurengehalten in verschiedenen Typen natürlicher Wässer wird an Beispielen der Analyse des gelösten Gesamtgehaltes von Chrom in Flußwasser, Seewasser, Meerwasser und Regenwasser aufgezeigt.

Summary

A new sensitive voltammetric method is presented for the determination of trace amounts of total chromium [Cr(III) and Cr(VI)] in natural waters. The method is based on the preconcentration of the Cr(III)-DTPA complex by adsorption at the HMDE at the potential of −1.0 V. The adsorbed complex is then reduced producing a response with a peak potential of −1.22 V and the peak height of the Cr(III) reduction is measured. The catalytic action of nitrate and bromate ions on the Cr(III)-DTPA reduction has been elucidated using cyclic voltammetry. The adsorption of chromium complexes at the HMDE was investigated using out-of-phase a. c. voltammetry and the potential range of adsorption was determined. Based on these investigations optimal conditions for the determination of the total chromium concentration in the range 20–2,000 ng/l have been established. The determination limit is 20 ng/l and the RSD is 5% for chromium concentrations ⩾200 ng/l.

The usefulness and wide scope of this new voltammetric method for reliable and highly sensitive chromium analysis down to the natural ultra trace levels existing in various types of natural waters is demonstrated by determinations of the total dissolved chromium content in river, lake, sea and rain water.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Applied Physical Chemistry, Nuclear Research Centre (KFA) Juelich, D-5170, Juelich, Germany

    J. Golimowski, P. Valenta & H. W. Nürnberg

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  1. J. Golimowski
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  2. P. Valenta
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  3. H. W. Nürnberg
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Additional information

Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H. Monien on the occasion of his 60th birthday

Attached from Department of Chemistry of Warsaw University, Poland, within the scope of the joint research project on „Eco-toxic Metals in the Environment“

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Golimowski, J., Valenta, P. & Nürnberg, H.W. Trace determination of chromium in various water types by adsorption differential pulse voltammetry. Z. Anal. Chem. 322, 315–322 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00490915

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00490915

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