Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is a trialkylated organotin formulated for use primarily as a biocide for aquatic and agricultural industries. Although macrophages isolated from toadfish (Opsanus tau) are sensitive to exposure, very little is known about the effects of TBT on fish humoral immunity and non-specific cytotoxic cell (NCC) functions. To evaluate the effects of TBT on these parameters, channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were given a single intraperitoneal injection of corn oil with 0 (vehicle control) or with 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 mgTBT/kg as TBTCl. Three and seven days later, NCC activity and phagocyte oxidative burst were evaluated and related to allometric indices and hematology. The humoral immune response to Edwardsiella ictaluri was evaluated fourteen days after treatment. Peripheral blood neutrophilia and specific antibody secreting cell (SASC) numbers were the most sensitive parameters and were affected in all three TBT treatment groups. Allometric indices, peripheral blood lymphocyte and monocyte percentages, NCC activity, and phagocyte oxidative burst were less sensitive and were affected only at the highest dose of TBT.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ainsworth AJ (1992) Fish granulocytes: Morphology, distribution, and function. Annual Rev Fish Dis 123–148
Bryant J, Day R, Whiteside TL, Herberman RB (1992) Calculation of lytic units for the expression of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. J Immunol Method 146:91–103
Degliantoni G, Perussia B, Mangoni L, Trinchieri G (1985) Inhibition of bone marrow colony formation by human natural killer cell-derived colony inhibiting activity. J Exp Med 161:1152–1159
Ellisaesser CF, Bly JE, Clem LW (1988) Phylogeny of lymphocyte heterogeneity: The thymus of the channel catfish. Dev Comp Immunol 12:787–800
Fent K, Stegeman JJ (1991) Effects of tributyltin chloride in vitro on the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system in fish, Stenotomus chrysops. Aquatic Toxicol 20:159–168
Fent K, Bucheli TD (1994) Inhibition of hepatic microsomal monooxyenase system by organotins in vitro in freshwater fish. Aquatic Toxicol 28:107–126
Golstein P, Ojcius DM, Young D (1991) Cell death mechanisms and the immune system. Immunol Rev 121:29–65
Gray BH, Porvaznik M, Flemming C, Lee LH (1986) Tri-n-butyltin aggregates and membrane cytotoxicity in human erythrocytes. Pages 1234–1239. In: Oceans 86 conference record, volume 4. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Publishing Services, NY
Harris DT, Kapur R, Frye C, Acevedo A, Camenisch T, Jaso-Friedmann L, Evans DL (1992) A species-conserved NK cell antigen receptor is a novel vimentin-like molecule. Dev Comp Immunol 16:395–403
Herberman FB, Reynolds CW, Ortaldo JR (1986) Mechanism of cytotoxicity by natural killer cells. Annual Rev Immunol 4:651–680
Huggett RJ, Unger MA, Seligman PF, Valkirs AO (1992) The marine biocide tributylin. Environ Sci Technol26(2):232–237
Krajnc EI, Weste PW, Loeber JG, VanLeeuwe FXR, Vos JG, Vaessen HAMG, Van Der Heijden CA (1984) Toxicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide in the rat. 1. Short-term effects on general parameters and on the endocrine and lymphoid systems. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 75:363–386
Ladics GS, Kawabata TT, Munson AE, White KL (1992) Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by murine splenic cell types. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 116:248–257
Lee RF (1986) Metabolism by crabs, oysters, and fish. Mar Environ Res 17:145–147
Malygin AM, Meri S, Timonen T (1993) Regulation of natural killer cell activity by transforming growth factor-B2 and prostaglandin E2. Scand J Immunol 37:71–76
Maquire RJ (1987) Environmental aspects of tributyltin. Appl Organometallic Chem 1:475–498
Michael A, Hackett JJ, Bennett M, Kumar V, Yuan D (1989) Regulation of B lymphocytes by natural killer cells. Role of IFN-γ. J Immunol 142:1095–1101
Miller NW, Sizemore RC, Clem LW (1985) Phylogeny of lymphocyte heterogeneity: The cellular requirements for in vitro antibody responses of channel catfish leukocytes. J Immunol 134:2884–2889
Ortiz de Montellano PR, Beilkan HS, Kunze K, Mico BA (1981) Destruction of cytochrome P-450 by ethylene. J Biol Chem 256:4395
Raffray M, McCarthy D, Snowden RT, Cohen GM (1993) Apoptosis as a mechanism of tributyltin cytotoxicity to thymocytes: Relationship of apoptotic markers to biochemical and cellular effects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 119:122–130
Rice CD, Weeks BA (1989) Influence of tributyltin on in vitro activation of oyster toadfish macrophages. J Aquatic Animal Health. 1:62–68
— (1990) The influence of in vivo exposure to tributyltin on reactive oxygen formation in oyster toadfish macrophages. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 19:854–857
— (1991) Tributyltin stimulated reactive oxygen formation in toadfish macrophages. Dev Comp Immunol 15:431–436
Rosenberg DW, Drummond GS (1983) Direct in vitro effects of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide on hepatic cytochrome P-450.Biochem Pharmacol 32:3823–3829
Schwaiger J, Bucher F, Ferling H, Kalbfus W, Negele R (1992) A prolonged toxicity study on the effects of sublethal concentrations of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO): Histopathological and histochemical findings in rainbow trout (Onchrhynchus mykiss). Aquatic Toxicol 23:31–48
Selwyn MJ (1976) Triorganotin compounds as ionophores and of ion translocating ATPases. 157:204–226 In: JJ Zuckerman (ed) Organotin compounds: New Chemistry and applications. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
Stoskopf MK (1993) Clinical Pathology. pp 113–131. In: MP Stoskopf (ed) Fish Medicine. WB Saunders Co. Philadelphia, PA
Vallejo AN, Miller NW, Jorgensen T, Clem LW (1990) Phylogeny of immune recognition: Antigen processing/presentation in channel catfish immune responses to hemocyanins. Cell Immunol 130:364–377
Vos JG, De Klerk A, Krajnc EI, Kruizinga W, Van Ommen B (1984) Toxicity of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide in the rat. II. Suppression of thymus dependent immune responses and of parameters of nonspecific resistance after short-term exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 75:387–408
Waterstrat P, Ainsworth J, Capley G (1989) Use of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the detection of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), antibodies to Edwardiella ictaluri. J Fish Dis 12:87–94
Waterstrat P, Brazil J, Ainsworth AJ (1991) Use of an ELISA-based assay for the detection of antibody-secreting cell in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), J Fish Dis 14:69–675
Williams DA (1971) A test for differences between treatment means and when survival dose levels are compared with a zero dose control. Biometrics 27:103–117
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rice, C.D., Banes, M.M. & Ardelt, T.C. Immunotoxicity in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, following acute exposure to tributyltin. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 28, 464–470 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00211629
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00211629