Abstract
Chloroplasts, mesophyll protoplasts, cytoplasts, vacuoplasts, vacuoles and leaves were stained with pH-indicating fluorescent dyes of differing pK values. Fluorescence microscopy was used to obtain information on the intracellular and intercellular distribution of the probes. The kinetics of blue or green fluorescence emitted from chloroplasts, protoplasts, cytoplasts and leaves was measured during illumination with red light. The intensity of light used for fluorescence excitation was so low that it had little effect on photosynthesis. In leaves, fluorescence signals emitted from chloroplasts were small and usually insignificant compared to signals originating from the cytosol. Both indicated light-dependent alkalization and reversal of alkalization on darkening. Vacuolar signals were opposite in sign to cytosolic signals. They indicated acidification of the vacuole in the light-dark transient and reversal of this effect on darkening.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- CDCF:
-
5-(and-6)-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein
- 5-CF:
-
5-carboxyfluorescein
- 5-CFDA:
-
5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate
References
Bilger, W., Heber, U., Schreiber, U. (1988) Kinetic relationships between energy-dependent fluorescence quenching, light scattering, chlorophyll luminescence and proton pumping in intact leaves. Z. Naturforsch. 43c, 877–887
Briantais, J.-M., Vernotte, C., Krause, G.H., Weis, E. (1986) Chlorophyll a fluorescence of higher plants: Chloroplasts and leaves. In: Light emission by plants and bacteria, pp. 539–583, Govindjee, R., Amesz, J., Fork, D.C., eds. Academic Press, New York
Davis, R.F. (1974) Photoinduced changes in electrical potentials and H2+ activities of the chloroplast, cytoplasm and vacuole of Phaeoceros laevis. In: Membrane transport in plants, pp. 197–201, Zimmermann, U., Dainty, J., eds. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Felle, H., Bertl, A. (1986) Light-induced cytoplasmic pH changes and their interrelation to the activity of the electrogenic proton pump in Riccia fluitans. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 848, 176–182
Gimmler, H., Schäfer, G., Heber, U. (1974) Low permeability of the chloroplast envelope towards cations. In: Proc. 3rd Int. Congr. on Photosynthesis, vol. 2, pp. 1381–1392, Avron, M., ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Griesbach, R.J., Sink, K.C. (1983) Evacuolation of mesophyll protoplasts. Plant Sci. Lett. 30, 297–301
Gyenes, M., Bulychev, A.A., Kurella, G.A., Perez Alvarez, P. (1981) Light-activated H2+ transport into the vacuole of Valonia ventriculosa. J. Exp. Bot. 32, 1273–1277
Hager, A., Moser, I. (1985) Acetic acid esters and permeable weak acids induce active proton extrusion and extension growth of coleoptile segments by lowering the cytoplasmic pH. Planta 163, 391–400
Heber, U., Heldt, H.W. (1981) The chloroplast envelope: structure, function and role in leaf metabolism. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 32, 139–168
Heldt, H.W., Werdan, K., Milovancev, M., Geller, G. (1973) Alkalisation of the chloroplast stroma caused by light-dependent proton flux into the thylakoid space. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 314, 224–241
Jensen, R.G., Bassham, J.A. (1966) Photosynthesis by isolated Chloroplasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 56, 1056–1101
Kaiser, G., Martinoia, E., Wiemken, A. (1982) Rapid appearance of photosynthetic products in vacuoles isolated from barley mesophyll protoplasts by a new fast method. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 107, 103–113
Kaiser, G., Martinoia, E., Schröppel-Meier, G., Heber, U. (1989) Active transport of sulfate into the vacuole of plant cells provides halotolerance and can detoxify SO2. J. Plant Physiol. 133, 756–763
Kobayashi, Y., Köster, S., Heber, U. (1982) Light scattering, chlorophyll fluorescence and state of the adenylate system in illuminated spinach leaves. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 682, 44–54
Kurkdjian, A., Guern, J. (1989) Intracellular pH: Measurement and importance in cell activity. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 40, 271–303
Laisk, A., Oja, V., Kiirats, O., Raschke, K., Heber, U. (1989) The state of the photosynthetic apparatus in leaves as analyzed by rapid gas exchange and optical methods: The pH of the chloroplast stroma, and activation of enzymes in vivo. Planta 177, 350–358
Lörz, H., Harms, C.T., Potrykus, I. (1976) Isolation of vacuoplasts from protoplasts of higher plants. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanz. 169, 617–620
Martinoia, E., Heck, U., Wiemken, A. (1981) Vacuoles as storage compartments for nitrate in barley leaves. Nature 289, 292–294
Oja, V., Laisk, A., Heber, U. (1986) Light-induced alkalization of the chloroplast stroma in vivo as estimated from the CO2 capacity of intact sunflower leaves. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 849, 355–365
Pfanz, H., Dietz, K.-J. (1987) A fluorescence method for the determination of the apoplastic proton concentration in intact leaf tissues. J. Plant Physiol. 129, 41–48
Pfanz, H., Heber, U. (1986) Buffer capacities of leaves, leaf cells and leaf cell organelles in relation to fluxes of potentially acidic gases. Plant Physiol. 81, 597–602
Slavik, J. (1982) Intracellular pH of yeast cells measured with fluorescent probes. FEBS Lett. 140, 22–26
Smith, F.A., Raven, J.A. (1979) Intracellular pH and its regulation. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 30, 289–311
Thomas, J.A., Buchsbaum, R.N., Zimniak, A., Racker, E. (1979) Intracellular pH measurements in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells utilizing spectroscopic probes generated in situ. Biochemistry 18, 2210–2218
Wagner, U., Kolbowski, J., Oja, V., Laisk, A., Heber, U. (1990) pH homeostasis of the chloroplast stroma can protect photosynthesis of leaves during the influx of potentially acidic gases. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1016, 115–120
Yokota, A., Kitaoka, S. (1985) Correct pK values for dissociation constant of carbonic acid lower the reported Km values of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase to half. Presentation of a nomograph and an equation for determining the pK values. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 131, 1075–1079
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was performed within the framework of the Sonderforschungsbereiche 176 and 251 of the University of Würzburg. Z.-H. Y. acknowledges support by the Leibniz Program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and by the Committee for Education of the People's Republic of China.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yin, ZH., Neimanis, S., Wagner, U. et al. Light-dependent pH changes in leaves of C3 plants. Planta 182, 244–252 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197118
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00197118