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Communities on Deep-Sea Hard Bottoms

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Marine Hard Bottom Communities

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 206))

Abstract

Although most of the deep-sea floor is blanketed with a thick layer of soft sediment, surprising amounts of hard bottom are available for community development, and specialized organisms and communities exploit these hard surfaces. The habitats include rock outcroppings on continental slopes, seamounts and island slopes; ferromanganese nodules and crusts; volcanic basalts and glasses associated with volcanoes and spreading centers; glacial dropstones, methane hydrates, authigenic carbonates, and asphalts; deep coral reefs; bones of dead whales and other large vertebrates from the upper ocean, and the hard parts of living or dead invertebrate organisms on the muddy seafloor. Studies of community development on hard bottom have focused on hydrothermal vents and on seamount faunas strongly influenced by water currents. The deep-sea fauna includes very long-lived and slow-growing organisms such as gorgonians, but also short-lived animals adapted for the exploitation of vents, wood falls, and other ephemeral habitats.

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Acknowledgements

Our work on hard bottoms in the deep sea has been supported by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation (most recently, OCE-0527139), the National Undersea Research Program (NOAA/NURP Hawaii and Wilmington), the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration, and the Mineral Management Service.

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    Craig M. Young

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    Young, C.M. (2009). Communities on Deep-Sea Hard Bottoms. In: Wahl, M. (eds) Marine Hard Bottom Communities. Ecological Studies, vol 206. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/b76710_3

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