Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a noninvasive method for measuring brain function by correlating temporal changes in local cerebral blood oxygenation with behavioral measures. fMRI is used to study individuals at single time points, across multiple time points (with or without intervention), as well as to examine the variation of brain function across normal and ill populations. fMRI may be collected at multiple sites and then pooled into a single analysis. This paper describes how fMRI data is analyzed at each of these levels and describes the noise sources introduced at each level.
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Notes
Increasingly fMRI experiments are being performed without a task. These techniques are not extensively described in this paper as their methodology strongly overlaps with task-based analysis.
Prior to RF transmission, a third set of coils creates a controlled spatial gradient in the B 0 field so that only the spins in a given slice are on-resonance. The location of this slice is adjusted each shot so that all slices in the brain are imaged. Other types of MRI acquisitions will excite the spins across the entire brain.
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Acknowledgements
Support for this research was provided in part by the National Center for Research Resources (P41-RR14075, R01 RR16594, P41-009874, the NCRR BIRN Morphometric Project BIRN002, and Functional Imaging Biomedical Informatics Research Network (FBIRN) U24 RR021382), the National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R01 EB001550, R01EB006758), as well as by the Department of Energy (DE-F02-99ER62764-A012) to the Mind Research Network (previously known as the MIND Institute).
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Greve, D.N., Brown, G.G., Mueller, B.A. et al. A Survey of the Sources of Noise in fMRI. Psychometrika 78, 396–416 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-012-9294-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-012-9294-0