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Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers evidence a different pattern of hybridization in red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) populations from NW Italy

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Abstract

Genetic introgression with exotic genomes represents a major conservation concern for the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa, Phasianidae). In particular, massive releases of chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar) and/or red-legged × chukar partridge hybrids for hunting purposes have cast serious doubts on the Italian present-day occurrence of wild A. rufa populations not affected by introgressive hybridization. This study investigates the genetic structure of red-legged partridges populations in two ecologically different areas in Northern Italy. Analysis of maternal mitochondrial DNA and biparental microsatellite markers excluded the presence of hybridization in a typical agricultural habitat where hunting and release of reared birds are strictly banned. By contrast, signs of chukar introgression were detected in a perifluvial habitat unusual for the red-legged partridge in Italy. The present study documents the first red-legged partridge population with no genetic evidences of recent chukar introgression presently living in Italy. We recommend that urgent conservation actions are taken to preserve the genetic integrity of this population from the risk of hybridization with farm-reared birds and to support its long-term conservation.

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Acknowledgments

We are very grateful to F. Silvano (Natural History Museum of Stazzano, Alessandria, Italy), E. Negri (Associazione Ambiente Territorio e Formazione, Alessandria), A. Repetto, and E. Migliora without whom collaboration field operations would not have been possible. Authors also thank M. Brustia for help during laboratory analyses and M. Cucco for having provided useful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. The study was supported by ATF (Agenzia Ambiente Territorio e Formazione, Alessandria) and MIUR60 grants.

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  1. Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DiSIT), University of Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Alessandria, Italy

    Alessandro Negri, Irene Pellegrino & Giorgio Malacarne

  2. Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Laboratory of Genetics, Via Cà Fornacetta 9, 40064, Ozzano dell’Emilia, BO, Italy

    Nadia Mucci & Ettore Randi

  3. Department of Animal Production, Epidemiology and Ecology, University of Turin, V. Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy

    Paolo Tizzani & Pier Giuseppe Meneguz

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  1. Alessandro Negri
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  2. Irene Pellegrino
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Correspondence to Alessandro Negri.

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Communicated by C. Gortázar

Alessandro Negri and Irene Pellegrino contributed equally to this work.

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Negri, A., Pellegrino, I., Mucci, N. et al. Mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers evidence a different pattern of hybridization in red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa) populations from NW Italy. Eur J Wildl Res 59, 407–419 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-012-0686-3

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