This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. WHO Technical Report Series, 894, 2000.
Lean M.E.J., Han T.S., Seidell J.C. Impairment of health and quality of life in men and women with a large waist. Lancet 1998, 351: 853–856.
NIH. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. The Evidence Report. NIH, NHLBI, June 1998.
Seidell J.C., Flegal K.M. Assessing obesity: classification and epidemiology. Br. Med. Bull. 1997, 53: 238–252.
Seidell J.C., Rissanen A. World-wide prevalence of obesity and time-trends. In: Bray G.A., Bouchard C., James W.P.T. (Eds.), Handbook of Obesity M. Dekker inc, New York, 1997, p. 79.
Seidell J.C., Visscher T.L.S. Body weight and weight change and their health implications for the elderly. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000, 54: S33–S39.
Molarius A., Seidell J.C., Sans S., Tuomilehto J., Kuulasmaa K. Educational level and relative body weight and changes in their associations over ten years — an international perspective from the WHO MONICA project. Am. J. Public Health 2000, 90: 1260–1268.
Pomerleau J., Pudule I., Grinberga D., et al. Patterns of body weight in the Baltic republics. Public Health Nutr. 2000, 3: 3–10.
Seidell J.C. Obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes — a worldwide epidemic. Br. J. Nutr. 2000, 83 (Suppl. 1): S5–S8.
WHO. The World Health Report 1998. Life in the 21st century — a vision for all. WHO, Geneva, 1998.
Prentice A.M., Black A.E., Coward W.A., Cole T.J. Energy expenditure in overweight and obese adults in affluent societies: an analysis of 319 doubly labelled water measurements. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1996, 50: 93–97.
Egger G., Swinburn B. An ecological approach to the obesity pandemic. Br. Med. J. 1997, 315: 477–480.
Katzmarzyk P., Davis C. Thinness and body shape of Playboy centrefolds from 1978 to 1998. Int. J. Obes. 2001, 25: 590–592.
Dawson D.A. Ethnic differences in female overweight: data from the 1985 National Health Interview Survey. Am. J. Public Health 1988, 78: 1326–1329.
Mvo Z., Dick J., Steyn K. Perceptions of overweight African women about acceptable body size of women and children. Curationis 1999, 22: 27–31.
Steyn K., Bourne L., Jooste P., Fourie J.M., Rossouw K., Lombard C. Anthropometric profile of a black population of the Cape Peninsula in South Africa. East Afr. Med. J. 1998, 75: 35–40.
Doak C.M., Adair L.S., Monteiro C., Popkin B.M. Overweight and underweight coexist within households in Brazil, China and Russia. J. Nutr. 2000, 130: 2965–2971.
Martorell R., Kahn L.K., Hughes M.L., Grummer-Strawn L.M. Obesity in women from developing countries. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000, 54: 247–252.
Olson C.M. Nutrition and health outcomes associated with food insecurity and hunger. J. Nutr. 1999, 129: 521S–524S.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seidell, J.C. Prevalence and time trends of obesity in Europe. J Endocrinol Invest 25, 816–822 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03344045
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03344045