Abstract
Nutritional and physicochemical properties of new giant embryo mutant rice (YR23517Acp79, YR) were analyzed. YR exhibited increased total protein (9.3±0.3%), lipid (3.7±1.1%), amino acid (663.28±1.9 mg/g), and mineral contents (Ca=284.0±6.2, Mg=1417.5±13.6 mg/kg). In YR brown rice four major physicochemicals, including gamma-aminobutyric acid (brown rice= 0.46±0.014 mg/g), γ-oryzanol (0.43±0.021 mg/g), vitamin B1 (6.42±0.3 mg/kg), and tocopherols (alpha= 2.68±0.1, beta=0.11±0.01, gamma=0.05±0.001 mg/100 g) increased in comparison to reported giant embryo (Keunnunbyeo, KB) and normal embryo rice (Ilmibyeo, IB). YR showed higher scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (0.2 g/mL=57.1±2.25) and 2,2′-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (0.2 g/mL=50.2±1.45) radicals but also inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production without cytotoxicity. These results indicate YR is a high quality functional rice due to its high nutrition content and antioxidant effects of physicochemicals.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ando S, Ando O, Suemoto Y, and Mishima Y (1993) Tyrosinase gene transcription and its control by melanogenetic inhibitor. J Invest Dermatol 100, 150–155.
Capanoglu E, Beekwilder J, Boyacioglu D, Hall R, and Vos RD (2008) Changes in antioxidant and metabolite profiles during production of Tomato paste. J Agric Food Chem 56, 964–973.
Champagne ET, Wood DF, Juliano BO, and Bechtel DB (2004) The rice grain and its gross composition. In Rice, Champagne ET (ed.), pp. 77–107, American Association of Cereal Chemistry, St. Paul, MN.
Choi ID, Kim DS, Son JO, Yang CI, Chun JY, and Kim KJ (2006a) Physico-chemical properties of giant embryo brown rice (Keunnunbyeo). Agri Chem Biotechnol 49, 95–100.
Choi SY, Chung MJ, Seo WD, Shin JH, Shon MY, and Sung NJ (2006b) Inhibitory effects of Orostachys japonicas extracts on the formation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine. J Agric Food Chem 54, 6075–78.
Chung SK, Osawa T, and Kawakishi S (1997) Hydroxyl radical scavenging effects of species and scavengers from brown mustard (Brassica nigra). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 61, 118–123.
Frank B and Gupta S (2005) A review of antioxidants and Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Clin Psychiatry 17, 269–286.
Han JM, Jin YY, Kim HY, Park KH, Lee WS, and Jeong TS (2010) Lavandulyl flavonoids from Sophora flavescens suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of nuclear factor-kB and mitogen-activated protein kinases in RAW 264.7 cells. Biol Pharm Bull 33, 1019–1023.
Hodzic Z, Pasalic H, Memisevic A, Srabovic M, Salatovic M, and Poljakovic M (2009) The influence of total phenols content on antioxidant capacity in the whole grain extracts. Eur J Sci Res 28, 471–477.
Honore E, Barhanin J, Attali B, Lesage F, and Lazdunski M (1994) External blockade of the major cardiac delayedrectifier K+ channel (Kv1.5) by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91, 1937–1944.
Hsu CL, Hong BH, Yu YS, and Yen GC (2010) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Orthosiphon aristatus and its bioactive compounds. J Agric Food Chem 58, 2150–2156.
Juliano BO (1985) Biochemical properties of rice. In Rice: Chemistry and Technology, Juliano BO (ed.), pp. 175–205, American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN.
Juliano C, Cossu M, Alamanni MC, and Piu L (2005) Antioxidant activity of gamma-oryzanol: Mechanism of action and its effect on oxidative stability of pharmaceutical oils. Int J Pharmaceutics 299, 146–154.
Kang HJ, Hwang IK, Kim KS, and Choi HC (2006) Comparison of the physicochemical properties and ultrastructure of japonica and indica rice grains. J Agric Food Chem 54, 4833–4838.
Kang MY, Rico CW, and Lee SC (2010) Physicochemical proterties of eight popular glutinous rice varieties in Korea. Plant Prod Sci 13, 177–184.
Laovachirasuwan P, Peerapattana J, Srijesdaruk V, Chitropas P, and Otsuka M (2010) The physicochemical properties of a spray dried glutinous rice starch biopolymer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 78, 30–35.
Lee JH, Baek IY, Kang NS, Ko JM, Kim HT, Jung CS, Park KY, Ahn YS, Suh DY, and Ha TJ (2007b) Identification of phenolic compounds and antioxidant effects from the exudates of germinating peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Food Sci Biotechnol 16, 29–36.
Lee YR, Kim CE, Kang MY, and Nam SH (2007c) Cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant status-improving efficacy of germinated giant embryonic rice (Oryza sativa L.) in high cholesterol-fed rats. Ann Nutr Metab 51, 519–526.
Lee YR, Kim JY, Woo KS, Hwang IG, Kim KH, Kim KJ, Kim JH, and Jeong HS (2007a) Changes in the chemical and functional components of Korean rough rice before and after germination. Food Sci Biotechnol 16, 1006–1010.
Martin PR, Singleton CK, and Hiller-Sturmhofel S (2003) The role of thiamine deficiency in alcoholic brain disease. Alcohol Res Health 27, 134–142.
Oh SK, Hwang PS, Lee CK, Kim YG, Seo WD, Cho KM, Chung MG, and Lee JH (2009) Characteristic changes in brown rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars of 3 ecotypes during different storage conditions. Food Sci Biotechnol 18, 1091–1095.
Park DS, Park SK, Lee BC, Song SY, Jun NS, Manigbas NL, Cho JH, Nam MH, Jeon JS, Han CD, Choi KJ, Kim DH, Woo YM, Koh HJ, Kang HW, and Yi GH (2009) Molecular characterization and physico-chemical analysis of a new giant embryo mutant gene (ge t) in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Genes Genomics 31, 277–283.
Rao AS, Reddy SG, Babu PP, and Reddy AR (2010) The antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of methanolic extracts from Njavara rice bran. BMC Complement Altern Med 10, 1–9.
Re R, Pellegrini N, Proteggente A, Pannala A, Yang M, and Rice-Evans C (1999) Antioxidant activity applying improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Bio Med 26, 1231–1237.
Saikusa T, Horino T, and Mori Y (1994) Accumulation of γ- amino butyric acid (GABA) in rice germ during water soaking. Biosci Biotech Biochem 58, 2291–2292.
Seo WD, Ryu YB, Marcus JC L, Lee CW, Ryu HW, Jang KC, and Park KH (2010) Evaluation of anti-pigmentary effect of synthetic sulfonylamino chalcone. Eur J Med Chem 45, 2010–2017.
Wang Y and Oram JF (2002) Unsaturated fatty acids inhibit cholesterol efflux from macrophages by increasing degradation of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. J Biol Chem 277, 5692–5697.
Watanabe M, Maemura K, Kanbara K, Tamayama T, and Hayasaki H (2002) GABA and GABA receptors in the central nervous system and other organs. Int Rev Cytol 213, 1–47.
Yoshida H, Tanigawa T, Yoshida N, Kuriyama I, Tomiyama Y, and Mizushina Y (2011) Lipid components, fatty acid distributions of triacylglycerols and phospholipids in rice brans. Food Chem, in press.
Zhang L, Hu P, Tang S, Zhao H, and Wu D (2005) Comparative studies on major nutritional components of rice with a giant embryo and a normal embryo. J Food Biochem 29, 653–661.
Zhou Z, Robards K, Helliwell S, and Blanchard C (2002) Aging of stored rice: Changes in chemical and physical attributes. J Cereal Sci 35, 65–78.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
W.D. Seo and J. Y. Kim contributed equally.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Seo, W.D., Kim, J.Y., Park, DS. et al. Comparative analysis of physicochemicals and antioxidative properties of new giant embryo mutant, YR23517Acp79, in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 54, 700–709 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03253148
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03253148