Abstract
An electrochemically and photochemically polymerizable monomer, 2-((2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-yl)methoxy)ethyl methacrylate (EDOT-EMA), was explored for patterning of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) via side chain cross-linking. The polymer from EDOT-EMA was deposited electrochemically to produce polymeric EDOT (PEDOT-EMA), which was directly photo-patterned by UV light as the side EMA groups of PEDOT-EMA were polymerized to give cross-linked EMA (PEDOT-PEMA). Absorption and FTIR studies of the UV-exposed film (PEDOT-PEMA) indicated that the photo-patterning mainly originated from the photo cross-linking of the methacrylates in the side-chain. After irradiation of the film, the conductivity of the irradiated area decreased from 5.6×10−3 S/cm to 7.2×10−4 S/cm, possibly due to bending of the conductive PEDOT channel as a result of the side chain cross-linking. The patterned film was applied to a solid state electrochromic (EC) cell to obtain micro-patterned EC cells with lines up to 5 μm wide.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Z. Nie and E. Kumacheva,Nature Materials,7, 277 (2008).
F. Zhang, T. Nyberg, and O. Inganäs,Nano Lett.,2, 1373 (2002).
C. D. Frisbie, L. F. Rozsnyai, A. Noy, M. S. Wrighton, and C. M. Lieber,Science,265, 2071 (1994).
M. Hamedi, A. Herland, R. H. Karlsson, and O. Inganäs,Nano Lett.,8, 1736 (2008).
R. d’Agostino,Plasma Deposition, Treatment, and Etching of Polymers, Academic Press, London, 1990.
S. H. Cho, H. S. Lim, B. K. Jeon, J. M. Ko, J. Y. Lee, and W. G. Kim,Macromol. Res.,16, 31 (2008).
J. P. Ranieri, R. Bellamkonda, J. Jacob, T. G. Vargo, J. A. Gardella, and P. Aebischer,J. Biomed. Mater. Res.,27, 917 (1993).
D. J. Pritchard, H. Morgan, and J. M. Cooper,Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.,34, 91 (1995).
L. Dai, H. J. Griesser, X. Hong, A. W. H. Mau, T. H. Spurling, Y. Yang, and J. W. White,Macromolecules,29, 282 (1996) and references therein.
M. J. Bowden and S. R. Turner,Electronic and Photonic Applications of Polymers, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1988.
Y. J. Yu, S. H. Lee, D. H. Choi, J. I. Jin, and N. Tessler,Macromol. Res.,15, 142 (2007).
L. Dai, H. J. Griesser, and A. W. H. Mau,J. Phys. Chem. B,101, 9548 (1997).
G. Heywang and F. Jonas,Adv. Mater.,4, 116 (1992).
M. Dietrich, J. Heinze, G. Heywang, and F. Jonas,J. Electroanal. Chem.,369, 87 (1994).
I. Winter, C. Reese, J. Hormes, G. Heywang, and F. Jonas,Chem. Phys.,194, 207 (1995).
Q. Pei, G. Zuccarello, M. Ahlskog, and O. Inganas,Polymer,35, 1347 (1994).
B. Y. Ouyang, C. W. Chi, F. C. Chen, Q. Xu, and Y. Yang,Adv. Funct. Mater.,15, 203 (2005).
J. Lowe and S. Holdcroft,Macromolecules,28, 4608 (1995).
J. Lowe and S. Holdcroft,Synth. Met.,85, 1427 (1997).
J. F. Yu, M. Abley, C. Yang, and S. Holdcroft,Chem. Commun., 1503 (1998).
M. L. Blohm, J. E. Pickett, and P. C. VanDort, U.S. Patent 5111327 (1993).
O. Stephan, P. Schottland, P.-Y. Le Gall, C. Chevrot, C. Mariet, and M. Carrier,J. Electroanal. Chem.,443, 217 (1998).
J. L. Segura, R. Gömez, R. Blanco, E. Reinold, and P. Bäuerle,Chem. Mater.,18, 2834 (2006).
E. Kim and S. Jung,Chem. Mater.,17, 6381 (2005).
L. B. Groenendaal, G. Zotti, P.-H. Aubert, S. M. Waybright, and J. R. Reynolds,Adv. Mater.,15, 855 (2003).
A. J. Downard and D. Pletcher,J. Electroanal. Chem.,206, 147 (1986).
X. Crispin, F. L. E. Jakobsson, A. Crispin, P. C. M. Grim, P. Andersson, A. Volodin, C. van Haesendonck, M. Van der Auweraer, W. R. Salaneck, and M. Berggren,Chem. Mater.,18, 4354 (2006).
P. Bauerle and S. Sheib,Adv. Mater.,5, 848 (1993).
H. K. Youssoufi, A. Yassar, S. Baiteche, M. Hmyene, and F. Garnier,Synth. Met.,67, 251 (1994).
M. J. Marsella and T. M. Swager,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,115, 12214 (1993).
M. J. Marsella, P. J. Carroll, and T. M. Swager,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,116, 9347 (1994).
M. J. Marsella, R. J. Newland, P. J. Carrol, and T. M. Swager,J. Am. Chem. Soc.,117, 9842 (1995).
B. J. Holliday and T. M. Swager,Chem. Commun., 23 (2005).
E. M. Ali, E. A. B. Kantchev, H.-h. Yu, and J. Y. Ying,Macromolecules,40, 6025 (2007).
S. Garreau, G. Louarn, J. P. Bruisson, and S. Lefrant,Macromolecules,32, 6807 (1999).
B. Winther-Jensen and K. West,Macromolecules,37, 4538 (2004).
B. S. R. Reddy and S. Balasubramanian,Eur. Polym. J.,38, 803 (2002).
C. KvarnstroÈ ma, H. Neugebauer, S. Blomquist, H. J. Ahonen, J. Kankare, and A. Ivaska,Electrochim. Acta,44, 2739 (1999).
V. Hernandez, F. J. Ramirez, T. F. Otero, and J. T. L. Navarrete,J. Chem. Phys.,100, 114 (1994).
N. B. Colthup, L. H. Daly, and S. E. Wiberley,Introduction to Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy, Academic Press, New-York, 1964, p 276.
R. S. Tipson, H. S. Isbell, and J. E. Stewart,J. Res. Natl. Bur. Standards,62, 257 (1959).
N. Sakai, G. K. Prasad, Y. Ebina, K. Takada, and T. Sasaki,Chem. Mater.,18, 3596 (2006).
W. Feng, Y. Li, J. Wu, H. Noda, A. Fujii, M. Ozaki, and K. Yoshino,J. Phys. Condens. Matter.,19, 186220 (2007).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, J., Kim, Y. & Kim, E. Electrochromic pattern formation by photo cross-linking reaction of PEDOT side chains. Macromol. Res. 17, 791–796 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03218616
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03218616