Abstract
Purpose
To determine the densities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients for surgery under spinal anaesthesia. The densities of the CSF were compared with the densities of local anaesthestic solutions and their mixtures with commonly used spinal opioids.
Method
One ml of CSF was collected from 131 consecutive patients that consented to the study at the time of spinal anaesthesia. Densities were measured at 37°C in a Density Meter that displayed density to the fourth decimal point and was accurate to 0.00003 g·ml−1 The densities of a selection of spinal anaesthetic drugs were also measured.
Results
The mean CSF density in the study population was 1.00059 ± SD 0.00020. In men of all ages, the mean CSF density was 1.00067 ± 0.0001 8 g·ml−1; in postmenopausal women 1.00060 ± 0.00015 g·ml−1; in premenopausal non-pregnant women 1.00047 ± 0.00076 g·ml−1; and in pregnant women 1.00033 ± 0.00010 g·ml−1 There were differences between the CSF densities in pregnant women compared with men (P = 0.0001), postmenopausal women (P = 0.0001) and non-pregnant premenopausal women (P = 0.03). Local anaesthetic solutions that contain sugar (glucose or dextrose) were all hyperbaric. In the absence of sugar, all local anaesthetic solutions were hypobaric except for lidocaine CO2 which was slightly hyperbaric. Opioids were all hypobaric except meperidine which was hyperbaric.
Conclusion
Pregnant women have slightly lower CSF densities than do men and postmenopausal women, and non-pregnant premanopausal women. In the absence of sugar all spinal anaesthetic solutions measured were hypobaric except for lidocaine CO2 and meperidine, both of which were hyperbaric.
Résumé
Objectif
Déterminer les densités du liquide céphalo-rachidien (LCR) chez des patients opérés sous rachianesthésie. Les densités du LCR ont été comparées à celles de solutions d’anesthésiques locaux pures ou comportant des opiacés couramment utilisés.
Méthodes
Un ml de LCR a été prélevé au moment de la rachianesthésie chez 131 patients consécutifs consentants. La densité a été mesurée au moyen d’un densimètre qui affiche les valeurs à la quatrième décimale avec une précision de 0,00003 g·ml−1 La densité d’une variété d’agents anesthésiques utilisés en rachi a aussi été mesurée.
Résultats
La densité moyenne du LCR dans la population étudiée était de 1,00059 ± ET 0,00020 g·ml−1. Chez les hommes de tout âge, la densité moyenne était de 1,00067 ± 0, 00018; chez les femmes ménopausées 1,00060 ± 0,00015; chez les femmes non ménopausées et non enceintes 1,00047 ± 0,00076 et chez les femmes enceintes 1,00033 ± 0,00010. Il y avait des différences dans la densité du LCR si l’on comparait les femmes enceintes et les homme (P = 0,0001), et les femmes ménopausées (P = 0,0001), et les femmes non ménopausées mais non enceintes (P = 0,03). Les solutions d’anesthésiques locaux qui contenaient du glucose étaient toutes hyperbares et en l’absence de sucre, elles étaient toutes hypobares, sauf pour la lidocaïne CO2 qui était légèrement hyperbare. Les solutions d’opiacés étaient toutes hypobares sauf la mépéridine qui était hyperbare.
Conclusion
Les femmes enceintes ont une densité de LCR légèrement plus basse que les hommes, les femmes ménopausées et les femmes non ménopausées mais non enceintes. En l’absence de sucre, toutes les solutions anesthésiques évaluées étaient hypobares sauf la lidocaïne CO2 et la mépéridine qui étaient hyperbares.
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This study was supported by a grant from the University of Ottawa, Department of Anaesthesia Research Fund.
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Lui, A.C.P., Polis, T.Z. & Cicutti, N.J. Densities of cerebrospinal fluid and spinal anaesthetic solutions in surgical patients at body temperature. Can J Anaesth 45, 297–303 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03012018
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03012018