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Integrating a host-resistance factor into the FAST system to forecast early blight of potato

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Abstract

A host resistance factor was integrated into the FAST (Forecaster ofAlternariasolani onTomatoes) system to initiate and to schedule fungicide applications for three levels of potato cultivar susceptibility while maintaining disease control and yield. Four cultivars ranging from susceptible to moderately resistant were each treated with the fungicide chlorothalonil during two field seasons. The five fungicide treatments were a 7-day schedule initiated after 50% flowering; a non-sprayed control; and three FAST application schedules based on combinations of critical levels of cumulative severity (CS, the disease severity values as a function of leaf wetness and temperature) and cumulative rating (CR, the disease rating values as a function of average temperature and hours of relative humidity greater than 90%) values. The FAST system predicted the onset of early blight and subsequent periods conducive for disease development in 1993 and 1994. There were cultivar-by-spray-schedule interactions for both disease severity and yield, suggesting that differences in early blight sus-ceptibility exist between cultivars. Use of the recommended schedules for the cultivar’s targeted level of susceptibility reduced early blight severity and minimized fungicide use while maintaining yield. These results indicate that a host-resistance factor can be incorporated into the FAST system.

Resumen

Un factor de resistencia del huésped ha sido integrado al sistema FAST (Forecaster ofAlternariasolani onTomatoes o Pronosticador deAlternaria solani en Tomate), para iniciar un programa de aplicación de fungicidas para tres niveles de susceptibilidad del cultivar de papa manteniendo el control de la enfermedad y rendimiento. Cuatro cultivares desde susceptible hasta moderadamente resistente, fueron tratados separadamente con el fungicida clorothalonil durante dos campañas de cultivo en campo. Los cinco tratamientos con fungicida fueron: un programa de 7-días iniciado después del 50% de la floración; un testigo sin aplicación del fungicida; y tres esquemas FAST de aplicación, basados en combinaciones de niveles críticos de severidad acumulativa (CS, valores de severidad de la enfermedad en función de la humedad de la hoja y la temperatura) y los valores de grado acumulativo (CR, los valores del grado de la enfermedad en función de la temperatura promedio y horas de humedad relativa mayores al 90%). El sistema FAST predijo el inicio del tizón temprano y periodos siguientes, conducentes al desarrollo de la enfermedad en 1993 y 1994. Hubo interacciones de cultivar y esquema de aspersión para ambos, severidad y rendimiento, sugiriendo la existencia de diferencias de susceptibilidad al tizón temprano entre cultivares. El uso de los esquemas recomendados para el nivel dirigido de susceptibilidad de un cultivar determinado redujo la severidad de tizón temprano y minimizó el uso de fungicida mientras que se mantenía el rendimiento. Estos resultados indican que el factor de resistencia del hospedante puede ser incorporado en el sistema FAST

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Correspondence to Barbara J. Christ.

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Shuman, J.L., Christ, B.J. Integrating a host-resistance factor into the FAST system to forecast early blight of potato. Amer J of Potato Res 82, 9–19 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02894915

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