Skip to main content
Log in

Oil concentration and fatty acid composition of achenes ofHelianthus species (Asteraceae) from Canada

Concentración de Aceite y Composición del ÁCido Graso de los Aquenios de las Especies Helianthus (Asteraceae) de CanadÁ

Economic Botany Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The cultivated sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is one of the four most important annual crops in the world grown for its edible oil. Species of the genusHelianthus served as the ancestral stock for the present cultivated sunflower. The wild relatives are a valuable genetic reservoir for improving the crop species. This study examined oil concentration and fatty acid composition in oil of two annualHelianthus species (31 populations) and four perennial species (32 populations) from the prairie provinces of Canada. The highest average oil concentration was observed in annualH. petiolaris with 31.3%. Among the perennials,H. maximiliani Schrad. had the highest average oil concentration with 31.1%.Helianthus tuberosus L. had the highest average palmitic (16:0) acid concentration with 8.0%, while the lowest value was observed inH. petiolaris with 4.0%. The highest average stearic (18:0) acid concentration was found inH. annuus with 2.9%, whileH. petiolaris had the lowest with 2.3%. The highest average oleic acid (18:1) was observed in H. petiolaris (18.4%), and the highest linoleic (18:2) was observed inH. maximiliani (77.4%). The variability within the wild species appears to be sufficient for altering oil and fatty acid characteristics in cultivated sunflower.

Resumen

El girasol cultivado (Helianthus annuus) es uno de las cuatro mñs importantes cosechas anuales en el mundo crecido para su aceite comestible. Especies delHelianthus sirvió como el surtido de los antepasados para girasol cultivado. Los parientes salvajes son un precioso récursos geneticó para mejorar la especies de cosecha. Este estudio examino la concentración de aceite y la compositión del ácido graso fueron determinados de dos especies deHelianthus anuales (31 poblaciones) y quatro especies perennes (32 poblaciones) procedentes de provincias de llanura de Canadá. El promedio mayor de concentración de aceite se observó en la anualH. petiolaris con 31.3%. Entre las especies perennes, laH. maximiliani tuvo el promedio mayor de concentración de aceite con 31.1%.Helianthus tuberosus tuvo el promedio mayor de concentratión de âcidos grasos, palmético (16:0) con 8.0%, mientras los valores más bajos fueron observados en la H. petiolaris con 4.0%. El promedio mayor de concentratión de esteârico (18:0) ácidos fueron observados in anuales laH. annuus con 2.9%, mientrosH. petiolaris las valores más bajos con 2.3%. El promedio mayor âcido oléico (18:1) se observó en laH. petiolaris (18.4%) y el mayor ácido linoléico (18:2) se observó en laH. maximiliani (77.4%). La variabilidad con en las especies silvestres parece haber suficiente para selectión y alteratión de las caracterésticas de aceite y ácido graso del girasol cultivado.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Literature Cited

  • DeHaro, A., and J. Fernandez-Martinez. 1991. Evaluation of wild sunflower (Helianthus) species for high content and stability of linoleic acid in the seed oil. Journal of Agricultural Science 116:359–367.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dorrell, D. G., and E. D. P. Whelan. 1978. Chemical and morphological characteristics of seeds of some sunflower species. Crop Science 18:969–971.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fitch Haumann, B. 1994. Modified oil may be the key to sunflower’s future. INFORM-International News on Fats, Oil and Related Materials 5(11): 1198–1210.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, M., J. Diamond, and T. H. Aplewhite. 1967. High oleic sunflower oil: Stability and chemical modification. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 44:264–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Granlund, M., and D. C. Zimmerman. 1975. Effects of drying conditions on oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds as determined by wide-line nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Proceedings of the North Dakota Academy of Sciences 27:128–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knowles, P. F., S. R. Temple, and F. Stolp. 1970. Variability in the fatty acid composition of sunflower seed oil. Pages 215-218in Proceedings of the 4th International Sunflower Conference, Memphis, TN. International Sunflower Association, Paris, France.

  • Mancha, M., J. Osorio, R. Garces, J. Ruso, J. Munoz, and J. M. Fernandez-Martinez. 1994. New sunflower mutants with altered seed fatty acid composition. Progress in Lipid Research 33:147–154.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Metcalfe, L. D., and C. N. Wang. 1981. Rapid preparation of fatty acid methyl esters using organic base catalyzed transesterification. Journal of Chromatographic Science 19:530–535.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson, J. A., J. K. Thomas, and D. Burdick. 1971. Chemical composition of the seed of sunflower hybrids and open pollinated varieties. Journal of Food Science 36:873–876.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —,W. H. Morrison, and R. L. Wilson. 1979. Effects of planting location and temperature on oil content and fatty acid composition of sunflower seeds. USDA, Agricultural Research Services Results. Southern Series No. 3, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schilling, E. E., and C. B. Heiser. 1981. Infrageneric classification ofHelianthus (Compositae). Taxon 30:393–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seiler, G. J. 1982. Variation in oil and oil quality of wild annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) populations in a uniform environment. Pages 215-218in Proceedings of the 10th International Sunflower Conference, Surfer’s Paradise, Australia. International Sunflower Association, Paris, France.

  • — 1983. Effect of genotype, flowering date, and environment on oil content and oil quality of wild sunflower seed. Crop Science 23:1063–1068.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — 1985a. Evaluation of seeds of sunflower species for several chemical and morphological characteristics. Crop Science 25:183–187.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • — 1985b. Interrelation of fatty acids in oil of wild annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Pages 529–534in Proceedings of the 11th International Sunflower Conference, Mar del Plata, Argentina. International Sunflower Association, Paris, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • — 1986. Analysis of the relationships of environmental factors with seed oil and fatty acid concentrations of wild annual sunflower. Field Crops Research 15:57–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — 1992. Utilization of wild sunflower species for the improvement of cultivated sunflower. Field Crops Research 30:195–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • — 1994. Oil concentration and fatty acid composition of achenes of North AmericanHelianthus (Asteraceae) species. Economic Botany 48:271–279.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • —,M. E. Carr, and M. O. Bagby. 1990. Renewable resources from wild sunflowers (Helianthus spp., ASTERACEAE). Economic Botany 45:4–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • —,and M. E. Brothers. 1996. Wild sunflower germplasm collected from the prairie provinces of Canada. Pages 1052–1057in Proceedings of the 14th International Sunflower Conference, Beijing, China. International Sunflower Association, Paris, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soldatov, K. I. 1976. Chemical mutagenesis in sunflower breeding. Pages 352–357in Proceedings of the 7th International Sunflower Conference, Krasnodar, USSR. International Sunflower Association, Paris, France.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sperling, P., U. Hammer, W. Friedt, and E. Heinz. 1990. High oleic sunflower: Studies on composition and desaturation of acyl groups in different lipids and organs. Journal of Chemical Sciences 45: 166–177.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, T. E., D. C. Zimmerman, and C. E. Rogers. 1981. WildHelianthus as a genetic resource. Field Crops Research 4:333–343.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Seiler, G.J., Brothers, M.E. Oil concentration and fatty acid composition of achenes ofHelianthus species (Asteraceae) from Canada. Econ Bot 53, 273–280 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866637

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02866637

Key Words

Navigation