Zusammenfassung
Sowjetische Gewinne aus dem Westhandel mit Brennstoffen, Getreide und Maschinen. — Der Verfasser schÄtzt den Ressourcengewinn, den die UdSSR von 1970 bis 1985 daraus erzielte, da\ sie Rohöl und Erdgas in den Westen exportierte und Getreide und Maschinen importierte. Es zeigt sich, da\ der Austausch von Erdgas gegen Getreide und Maschinen für die Sowjets recht profitabel war, der von Erdöl gegen Getreide dagegen nur einen geringen Gewinn erbrachte und da\ der Verkauf von Erdöl gegen Maschinen sogar zu einem marginalen Verlust geführt hat. Die Ergebnisse deuten au\erdem darauf hin, da\ der gesamte sowjetische Gewinn aus dem Westhandel relativ zum sowjetischen Bruttosozialprodukt gering gewesen ist.
Résumé
Le gain soviétique du commerce extérieur avec l’ouest en pétrole, grain et machines. — Cette étude estime le gain en ressources pour l’URSS en exportant du pétrole brut et du gaz naturel à l’ouest en échange du grain et des machines pendant les années 1970–1985. Les résultats indiquent que le gaz naturel en échange du grain et des machines a été assez profitable pour l’URSS, le pétrole en échange du grain seulement un peu profitable et la vente du pétrole brut en échange des machines a mené à une marge négative. En conséquence, les résultats démontrent que le gain total de l’URSS du commerce avec l’ouest a été, relatif au produit intérieur brut en URSS, peu considérable.
Resumen
Los beneficios soviéticos del comercio de combustibles, granos y maquinaria con Occidente. — En este trabajo se estima en términos de recursos el beneficio que la URSS derivó de la exportación de petróleo crudo y gas natural a Occidente con el fin de importar granos y maquinaria durante el periodo 1970–1985. Los resultados indican que el intercambio de gas natural por granos y maquinaria ha sido beneficioso para los soviéticos, mientras que el de petróleo por granos ha sido sólo marginalmente beneficioso y el de petróleo crudo por maquinaria marginalmente deficitario. Los resultados también sugieren que de acuerdo a las ventajas comparativas el beneficio total para la URSS del comercio con Occidente ha sido marginal en relación al PBI soviético.
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Liefert, W.M. The soviet gain from trade with the west in fuel, grain, and machinery. Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 126, 78–96 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02706313
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02706313