Skip to main content
Log in

The use of glycylhistidyllysine in culture systems

  • Invited Paper
  • Published:
In Vitro Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Glycylhistidyllysine (GHL), a tripeptide isolated from plasma, has been shown to alter the growth rate of many cell types and organisms in culture systems. The tripeptide is optimally active at concentrations between 10 and 200 ng/ml. Some of the more interesting uses of GHL are highlighted in this paper. Present information suggests that GHL functions as a transporter of transition metals, in particular copper, to the cell surface for up-take into the cell.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pickart, L.; Thaler, M. Tripeptide in human serum which prolongs survival of normal liver cells and stimulates the growth of hepatoma cells. Nature New Biol. 243: 85–87; 1973.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Schlesinger, D. H.; Pickart, L.; Thaler, M. Growth-modulating tripeptide is H-Gly-His-Lys-OH. Experientia 33: 324–325; 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Pickart, L.; Thayer, L.; Thaler, M. A synthetic tripeptide which increases survival of normal liver cells and stimulates the growth of hepatoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 54: 562–566; 1973.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ambesi-Impiombato, F. S.; Parks, L. A. M.; Coon, H. G. Culture of hormone-dependent functional epithelial cells from rat thyroids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77: 3455–3459; 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Robertson J. A. Bromothymol blue broth; improved medium for detection of ureaplasma urealyticum (T-strain mycoplasma). J. Clin. Microbiol. 7: 127–132; 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Stromberg, B. E.; Khoury, P. B.; Soulsby, E. J. L. Development of larvae ofAscaris suum from the third to the fourth stage in a chemically defined medium. Int. J. Parasitol. 7: 149–151; 1977.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Dessaint, J. P.; Camus, D.; Fischer, E.; Capron, A. Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by factor(s) produced bySchistosoma mansoni. Eur. J. Immunol. 7: 624–629; 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Sensenbrenner, M.; Jaros, G. G.; Moonen, G.; Mandel, P. Effects of synthetic tripeptide on the differentiation of dissociated cerebral hemisphere nerve cells in culture. Neurobiology 5: 207–213. 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lindner, G.; Gross, G.; Halle, W.; Henklein, P. Über die Wirkung eines synthetischen tripeptids auf in vitro kultiviertes nervengewebe. Z. Mikrosk.-Anat. Forsch. Leipzig. 93: 820–828; 1979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Simon, W. E.; Holzel, F. Hormone sensitivity of gynecological tumor cells in tissue culture. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 94: 307–323; 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Capron, M.; Capron, A.; Torpier G.; Bazin, H.; Bout, D.; Joseph, M. Eosinophil-dependent cytotoxicity in rat schistosomiasis. Involvement of IgG2a antibody and the role of mast cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 8: 127–133; 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Svanberg, L.; Astedt, B. Release of plasminogen activator from normal and neoplastic endometrium. Experientia 35: 818–819; 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Leung, M. K.; Fessler, L. J.; Greenberg, D. B.; Fessler, J. H. Separate amino and carboxyl procollagen peptidases in chick embryo tendon. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 224–232; 1979.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Astedt, B.; Barlow, G.; Holmberg, L. Time-related release of various molecular forms of urokinase in tissue culture. Thrombosis Res. 11: 149–153; 1977.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Eriksson, S.; Alm, R.; Astedt, B. Organ cultures of human fetal hepatocytes in the study of extra-and intracellular {ie466-1}. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 542: 496–505; 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Joseph, M.; Dessaint, J. P.; Capron, A. Characteristics of macrophage cytotoxicity induced by IgE immune complexes. Cell Immunol. 34: 247–258; 1977.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Capron, M.; Rousseaux, J.; Mazingue, C.; Bazin, H.; Capron, A. Rat mast cell-eosinophil interaction in antibody-dependent eosinophil cytotoxicity toSchistosoma mansoni schistosomula. J. Immunol. 121: 2518–2526; 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mazingue, C.; Dessaint, J. P.; Capron, A. [3H]Serotonin release: an improved method to measure mast cell degranulation. J. Immunol. Methods 21: 65–77; 1978.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Holmberg, L.; Lecander, I.; Persson, B.; Astedt, B. An inhibitor from placenta specifically binds urokinase and inhibits plasminogen activator released from ovarian carcinoma in tissue culture. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 544: 128–137; 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Slotta, K. H.; Golub, A. L.; Lopez, V. The cell growth-promoting factor. Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 356: 367–376; 1975.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Torpier, G.; Quaissi, M. A.; Capron, A. Freezefracture study of immune-inducedSchistosoma mansoni membrane alterations. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 67: 276–287; 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Pickart, L.; Thaler, M. M.; Millard M. M. Effect of transition metals on recovery from plasma of the growth-modulating tripeptide glycylhistidyllysine (GHL). J. Chromatogr. 175: 65–73; 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Pickart, L.; Thaler, M. M. Growth-modulating tripeptide (Glycylhistidyllysine): association with copper and iron in plasma, and stimulation of adhesiveness and growth of hepatoma cells in culture by tripeptide-metal ion complexes. J. Cell. Physiol. 102: 129–139; 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Pickart, L.; Thaler, M. M. Growth-modulating human plasma tripeptide: Relationship between molecular structure and DNA synthesis in hepatoma cells. FEBS Lett. 104: 119–122; 1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Aoyagi, Y.; Ikenaka, T.; Ichida, F. Copper (II)-binding ability of human alpha-fetoprotein. Cancer Res. 38: 3483–3486; 1978.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Pickart, L.; Thaler, M. M. Glycylhistidyllysine facilitates uptake of copper by hepatoma cells (abstr.). Fed. Proc. 38: 668; 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Pickart, L.; Freedman, J. H.; Loker, W. J.; Peisach, J.; Perkins, C. M.; Stenkamp, R. E.; Weinstein, B. Growth-modulating plasma tripeptide may function by facilitating copper uptake into cells. Nature 288: 715–717; 1980.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hayashi, I.; Sato, G. H. Replacement of serum by hormones permits growth of cells in a defined medium. Nature 259: 132–134; 1976.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This work was supported by USPHS Grants CA 28858 and RR 05588.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pickart, L. The use of glycylhistidyllysine in culture systems. In Vitro 17, 459–466 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02633506

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02633506

Key words

Navigation