Abstract
Over the past 10 years, spectral analysis has been shown to have the potential to be a reliable means of automating photoelasticity. However, the four methods of analyzing the spectra that have previously been proposed are slow and, in some cases, inaccurate. This paper describes three new methods for spectral analysis based on the maximum entropy method, a genetic algorithm and a memetic algorithm. Thirty-five spectra for known fringe orders were recorded and used in testing the four existing methods and the three new ones. It was found that the new methods were all considerably faster than the existing methods, although less accurate than the best existing method. By combining the maximum entropy method with either the genetic algorithm or the memetic algorithm, spectra could be analyzed up to 30 times as fast as they could with any of the existing methods and with comparable accuracy.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hecker, F.W. andMorche, B., “Computer-aided Measurement of Relative Retardations in Plane Photoelasticity,”Experimental Stress Analysis, ed. H. Weirunga, Martinnus Nijhoff, Dordrecht, 532–542 (1986).
Patterson, E.A., andWang, Z.F., “Towards Full-field Automated Photoelastic Analysis of Complex Components,”Strain,27 (2),49–56 (1991).
Quan, C., Bryanston-Cross, P.J., andJudge, T.R., “Photoelasticity Stress Analysis Using Carrier Fringe and FFT Techniques,”Optics Lasers Eng.,18, (2),79–108 (1993).
Morimoto, Y., Morimoto, Y., Jr. andHayashi, T., “Separation of Isochromatics and Isoclinics Using Fourier Transform,”Exp. Tech.,18 (5),13–17 (1994).
Müller, R.K. andSaackel, L.R., “Complete Automatic Analysis of Photoelastic Fringes,” EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS,19 (7),245–251 (1979).
Seguchi, Y., Tomita, Y., andWatanabe, M., “computer-aided Fringepattern Analyzer—A case of Photoelastic Fringe,” EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS,19 (10),361–370 (1979).
Ajovalasit, A., Barone, S., andPetrucci, G., “Towards RGB Photoelasticity: Full-field Automated Photoelasticity in White Light,” EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS,35,193–200 (1995).
Redner, A.S., “Photoelastic Measurements by Means of Computerassisted Spectral-contents Analysis,” EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS,25,148–153 (1985).
Ajovalasit, A., Barone, S., andPetrucci, G., “Automated Photoelasticity in White Light: Influence of Quarter-wave Plates,”J. Strain Anal. Eng. Design,30 (1),29–34 (1995).
Haake, S.J. andPatterson, E.A., “The Dispersion of Birefringence in Photoelastic Materials,”Strain,29 (1),3–7, (1993).
Sanford, R.J. and McGinnis, A., “Automatic Birefringence Measurements for Inspection and Quality Control,” Proceedings of the 36th International Instrumentation Symposium, 799–809 (1990).
Haake, S.J. and Patterson, E.A., “Photoelastic Analysis Using a Full-field Spectral Analyser,” International Conference on Photoelasticity, New Instrumentation, Materials and Data Processing, 1-1–1-6 (1993).
Carazo-Alvarez, J., Haake, S.J., andPatterson, E.A., “Completely Automated Photoelastic Fringe Analysis,”Opt. Lasers Eng.,21, (3),133–149 (1994).
Voloshin, A.S. andRedner, A.S., “Automated Measurement of Birefringence: Development and Experimental Evaluation of the Techniques,” EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS,29,252–257 (1989).
Sanford, R.J. and Iyengar, V., “The Measurement of the Complete Photoelastic Fringe Order Using a Spectral Scanner,” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Spring Conference on Experimental Mechanics, 160–168 (1985).
Haake, S.J. andPatterson, E.A., “Photoelastic Analysis of Frozen Stressed Specimens Using Spectral-contents Analysis,” EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS,32,266–272 (1992).
Buck, B. and Macaulay, V.A., Maximum Entropy in Action, Oxford Science, ix-xvi (1994).
Pandit, S.M., andWu, S.M., Time Series Analysis with Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, chap. 5 (1983).
Pacey, M.N., “Automated Principal Strain Separation at a Point on a Photoelastic Coating,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Sheffield, chap 3 (1998).
Holland, J., Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor (1975).
Dawkins, R., “Memes: The New Replicator,”The Selfish Gene, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford, 189–201 (1989).
Allison, I.M. andBlakemore, R.H., “The Analysis of Photoelastic Data for Stress Separations,”Recent Advances in Stress Analysis, Royal Aeronautical Society, London, 4-7–4-12 (1968).
Ivanova, L. andNechev, G., “A Method for Investigation of the Residual Stresses in Glasses with Spectral Polariscope,”Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Experimental Mechanics,2,876–883 (1990).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pacey, M.N., Wang, X.Z., Haake, S.J. et al. The application of evolutionary and maximum entropy algorithms to photoelastic spectral analysis. Exp Mech 39, 265–273 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02329803
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02329803