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Mimosine degradation in calves fed a sole diet ofLeucaena leucocephala in india

Degradation De La Mimosine Chez Des Veaux Nourris Avec Une Ration A Base DeLeucaena Leucocephala En Inde

Degradacion De Mimosina En Terneros En India, Alimentados Con Dieta Unica DeLeucaena Leucocephala

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Summary

Five Karan Swiss crossbred (Sahiwal × Brown Swiss) calves were abruptly switched over from a diet of concentrate and maize fodder toad libitum air driedLeucaena leucocephala leaves plus twigs. After 17 days on theL. leucocephala diet, 3 of the calves were supplemented with copper sulphate (10 mg/kg DML. leucocephala) for 12 days. Thereafter all the calves were taken off theL. leucocephala diet and returned to the pre-experimental concentrate and maize fodder diet.

While on theL. leucocephala diet, the average DM intake/d ofL. leucocephala declined to 497 g within 3 weeks and all calves lost weight. This weight loss was reversed in the 3 calves that received copper sulphate, and all calves gained weight when they resumed the concentrate and maize fodder diet.

The toxic effects ofL. leucocephala feeding for 24 days were characterised by poor growth, emaciation, alopecia, loss of hair from the tail switch, ear and eye lesions, ulceration of the mouth region, drooling viscid saliva and vomiting of thick green saliva in one of the calves. Mean levels of 3,4 dihydroxypyridone (DHP) (mg/100 ml) were 30·35 ± 13.52 and 55.57 ± 13.77 on days 2 and 4 respectively in rumen liquor and up to 136.01 ± 80·18 in urine. The mean ratios of mimosine: DHP of 3·14, 0·12 and 0·04 in feed, faeces and urine respectively revealed extensive degradation of mimosine to DHP in the calves fed theL. leucocephala diet and it was concluded the calves were unable to tolerate a diet consisting solely ofL. leucocephala.

Résumé

L'alimentation de 5 veaux métis Suisse Karan (Brune des Alpes × Sahiwal) a été modifiée brusquement: la ration de concentré et de maïs fourrage a été remplacée par des feuilles et des tiges deLeucaena leucocephala desséchées à l'air et données à volonté. Après 17 jours de ce régime, 3 des veaux ont reçu en complément du sulfate de cuivre (10 mg/kg MS deL. leucocephala) pendant 12 jours. Puis la ration deL. leucocephala a été supprimée pour tous les veaux qui ont reçu à nouveau du concentré et du maïs fourrage. Avec la ration deL. leucocephala la consommation moyenne de MS s'est abaissée à 497 g par jour en 3 semaines et tous les veaux ont perdu du poids. La tendance s'est inversée pour les 3 veaux ayant reçu du sulphate de cuivre et tous les veaux ont repris du poids lorsqu'ils ont reçu la ration de concentré et maïs fourrage. Les effets toxiques de l'alimentation à base deL. leucocephala pendant 24 jours ont été caractérisés par une faible croissance, de l'émaciation, de l'alopécie, la perte des poils de la queue, des lésions des oreilles et des yeux, l'ulcération du museau, l'écoulement de salive visqueuse et vomissement de salive épaisse, verte, chez l'un des veaux. Les taux moyens de 3,4 dihydroxypyridone (DHP) (mg/100 ml) étaient de 30,35 ± 13,52 et de 55,57 ± 13,77 aux 2e et 4e jours respectivement dans le jus de rumen et jusqu'à 136,01 ± 80, 18 dans l'urine. Les rapports moyens de mimosine/DHP sont de 3,14,0,12 et 0,04 dans les aliments, les fèces et l'urine, respectivement. Ils ont révélé une dégradation considérable de mimosine en DHP chez les veaux nourris avecL. leucocephala. Il en est déduit que les veaux ne peuvent pas tolérer une ration constituée seulement deL. leucocephala.

Resumen

Cinco terneros cruzados (Sahiwal × Brown Swiss) Karan Swiss, fueron cambiados repentinamente de una dieta de concentrados y rastrojo de maiz, a una dieta basada únicamente enLeucaena leucocephala secade al aire y provista ad libitum. Después de 17 dias de comer esta última, 3 de los terneros fueron suplementados con sulfato de cobre (10 mg/kg MS deL. leucocephala) durante 12 días. Posteriormente, todos los terneros fueron sacados de la dieta conL. leucocephala, y fueron alimentados con la dieta original.

Mientras los animales estuvieron bajo la dieta deL. leucocephala, el consumo diario de materia seca se redujo a 497 g durante las 3 semanas, y todos los animales perdieron peso. Esta pérdida de peso fue reversible en los tres animales que recibieron sulfato de cobre, y todos los animales volvieron a ganar peso cuando retornaron a la dieta de concentrado y mais.

Los efectos tóxicos deL. leucocephala durante los 24 dias del tratamiento, se caracterizaron por crecimiento retardado, emaciación, alopecia, pérdida de pelo en la borla de la cola, orejas y ojos, ulceraciones en la región de la boca, insalivación y vómito en uno de los terneros. Los niveles promedios de 3,4 dihydroxypyridona (DPH) (mg/100 ml) fueron 30.35 ± 13.52 y 55.57 ± 13.77 en los dias 2 y 4 respectivamente en el liquido ruminal y hasta 136.01 ± 80.18 en orina. Las tasas promedias de mimosina: DHP de 3.14, 0.12 y 0.04 en el alimento, heces y orina respectivamente, revelaron extensa degradación de mimosina a DHP en los terneros alimentados conL. leucocephala. Se concluyó que los terneros no pudieron tolerar una dieta basada solamente enL. leucocephala.

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Ram, J.J., Atreja, P.P., Chopra, R.C. et al. Mimosine degradation in calves fed a sole diet ofLeucaena leucocephala in india. Trop Anim Health Prod 26, 199–206 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02240380

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