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Regulation and possible function of the violaxanthin cycle

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Abstract

This paper discusses biochemical and regulatory aspects of the violaxanthin cycle as well as its possible role in photoprotection. The violaxanthin cycle responds to environmental conditions in the short-term and long-term by adjusting rates of pigment conversions and pool sizes of cycle pigments, respectively. Experimental evidence indicating a relationship between zeaxanthin formation and non-photochemical energy dissipation is reviewed. Zeaxanthin-associated energy dissipation appears to be dependent on transthylakoid ΔpH. The involvement of light-harvesting complex II in this quenching process is indicated by several studies. The current hypotheses on the underlying mechanism of zeaxanthin-dependent quenching are alterations of membrane properties, including conformational changes of the light-harvesting complex II, and singlet-singlet energy transfer from chlorophyll to zeaxanthin

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Abbreviations

chl:

chlorophyll

DBMIB:

2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone

DCMU:

3,3-(3′,4′-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea

DTT:

dithiothreitol

Fo :

minimum fluorescence yield with all PS II reaction centers open

LHC:

light-harvesting complex

PS:

photosystem

PQ:

plastoquinone

qE-quenching:

pN-quenching dependent on thylakoid lumen acidification

qN-quenching:

non-photochemical quenching

UV-B:

ultraviolet radiation in the range from 280 to 320 nm

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  1. Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany

    Erhard Pfündel

  2. Julius-von-Sachs-Institut für Biowissenschaften Lehrstuhl Botanik II, Universität Würzburg, Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64, D-97082, Würzburg, Germany

    Wolfgang Bilger

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Pfündel, E., Bilger, W. Regulation and possible function of the violaxanthin cycle. Photosynth Res 42, 89–109 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02187121

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