Skip to main content
Log in

Binocular micromovement recording of human eyes: — methods

  • Published:
Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An apparatus is described for binocular recording of micromovements of human eyes, with the contact lens mirror technique used frequently. Horizontal and vertical micromovements of both eyes are recorded simultaneously by means of instruments measuring light-spot positions. Spatial resolution of the measuring instrument is 12 s of arc, while the time resolution is 0.5 ms for this apparatus. The fixation mark (Snellen character) is at a distance of 5 m without any restrictions to the view. The micromovement data are registered by a microcomputer. A second computer enables precise calculation of the results which are given as multicoloured graphs (X/Y-, X/t-graph, velocity/t-graph, frequency analysis, phase correlation of both eyes). In this way the requirements are met for the clinical application of this measuring instrument on patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adler FH, Fliegelmann M (1934) Influence of fixation on the visual acuity. Arch Ophtal 12: 475–483

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson R (1954) Latent nystagmus and alternating hyperphoria. Br J Ophthalmol 38: 217–231

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bouis D, Bach M, Fischer B (1983) An accurate and linear infrared oculometer. J Neurosci Methods 9: 9–14

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ciuffreda KJ, Kenyon RV, Stark L (1979) Abnormal saccadic substitution during small amplitude pursuit tracking in amblyopic eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18: 506–515

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ciuffreda KJ, Kenyon RV, Stark L (1979) Different rates of functional recovery of eye movements during orthoptic treatment in an adult amblyope. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18: 214–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciuffreda KJ, Kenyon RV, Stark L (1980) Increased drift in amblyopic eyes. Br J Ophthalmol 64: 1–7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Collewijn H, van der Mark F, Jansen TC (1975) Precise recording of human eye movements (research note). Vision Res 15: 447–450

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cooley JW, Tukey JW (1965) An algorithm for machine calculation of complex Fourier series. Math Computation (April 1965), 19: 297–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornsweet TN (1956) Determination of the stimuli for involuntary drifts and saccadic eye movements. J Opt Soc Am 46: 987–993

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cüppers C (1971) Problem der operativen therapie des okulären nystagmus. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 159: 145–157

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ditchburn RW (1955) Eye movements in relation to retinal action. Opt Acta 1: 171–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Ditchburn RW (1973) Eye-movements and visual perception. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Ditchburn RW (1980) The function of small saccades. Vision Res 20: 271–272

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doden W (1960) Latenter Nystagmus bei Strabismus concomitans alternans. Ber 63. Zusammenkunft Dtsch Ophtalmol Ges, 486–490

  • Fender DH (1956) Thesis, University of Reading

  • Findlay JM (1974) Direction perception and human fixation eye movements. Vision Res Vol 14: 703–711

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haddad GM, Steinman RM (1973) The smallest voluntary saccade: implications for fixation. Vision Res 13: 1075–86

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harris LW, Cyander M (1981) The eye movement of the dark-reared cat. Exp Brain Res 44: 41–56

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann K-P (1978) Optokinetic nystagmus and single-cell responses in the nucleus tractus opticus after early monocular deprivation in the cat. Nato Advanced Study Inst. “Developmental Neurobiology of Vision”

  • Ishikawa S, Terakado R (1973) Maximum velocity of saccadic eye movements in normal and strabismic subjects. Jpn J Ophthalmol 17: 11–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Kowler E, Steinman RM (1980) Small saccades serve no useful purpose: reply to a letter by R.W. Ditchburn. Vision Res 20: 273–276

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lang J (1967) Der kongenitale oder frühkindliche strabismus. Ophthalmologica 154: 201–208

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mackensen G (1957) Das fixationsverhalten amblyopischer augen: elektro-oculographische untersuchungen. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 159: 200–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Matin L (1964) Measurements of eye movements. Some new methodology for 3-dim. recording. J Opt Soc Am 54: 1008–1018

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • von Noorden GK, Burian HM (1958) An electro-ophthalmographic study of the behaviour of the fixation of amblyopic eyes in light and dark adapted states. A preliminary report. Am J Ophthalmol 46: 58–72

    Google Scholar 

  • von Noorden GK, Mackensen G (1963) Pursuit movements in amblyopic eyes. Am J Ophthalmol 53: 477

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson DA (1963) A method of measuring eye movement using a scleral search coil in a magnetic field. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng BME-10: 137–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz E, Simon F (1984) Contact lens fitting for binocular micromovement recording. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol (in press)

  • Sorsby A (1931) Latent nystagmus. Br J Ophthalmol 15: 1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Steele CM, Crane HD (1978) Accurate three dimensional eye-tracker. Appl Opt 17: 691–705

    Google Scholar 

  • Westheimer G (1979) The spatial sense of the eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18: 893–912

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Winterson H, Collewijn H (1976) Microsaccades during finely guided visuomotor tasks. Vision Res 16: 1387–1390

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Simon, F., Schulz, E., Rassow, B. et al. Binocular micromovement recording of human eyes: — methods. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 221, 293–298 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02134127

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02134127

Keywords

Navigation